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Novel functional analysis of MET exon 14 skipping alteration in driving cancer invasion and metastatic dissemination

ABSTRACT: MET exon 14 skipping alteration (MET∆14Ex) is an actionable oncogenic driver that occurs in 2-4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. However, the precise role of MET∆14Ex in tumor progression in NSCLC is poorly understood. We here demonstrate that MET∆14Ex expression increases receptor kinase activity and downstream signaling by impairing receptor internalization and endocytic degradation, which significantly boosts tumor cell scattering and invasion as well as metastasis. To explore the key mechanisms in regulation of these phenotypes, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) studies were conducted on HGF-treated MET∆14Ex and MET cell models in an effort to identify the global change of transcriptome signature and key functional pathways involved in MET∆14Ex-medieated tumorigenesis. Both Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed an induction of a tight cluster of functional pathways associated with cell movement in HGF-treated MET∆14Ex models (vs MET) in a time-dependent manner.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE182684 | GEO | 2021/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is involved in wide variety of biological events and its aberrant activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Especially, MET signaling is associated with resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), key drugs in therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. MET has 11 potential N-glycosylation sites, however, the site-specific roles of N-glycans have not been elucidated. Here, we report that N-glycans regulate proteolytic processing of MET and HGF induced MET signaling, site specifically. N-glycosylation inhibitors suppressed processing and trafficking of endogenous MET in H1975 and EBC-1 lung cancer cells and exogenous MET in CHO cells. We purified the recombinant extracellular domain of human MET and determined the site-specific N-glycan structures and occupancy using nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The results indicated that most sites were fully glycosylated and the dominant population were complex-type which were rich in sialic acids and core fucoses. To examine the effects of N-glycan deletion of MET, we prepared endogenous-MET-knockout Flp-In CHO cells and transfected with series of N-glycan deletion mutants of MET. It was found that several N-glycans are implicated in processing of MET. It was also suggested that the N-glycans of -subunit of MET positively regulate HGF signaling, and the N-glycans of β-subunit negatively regulate HGF signaling. In all-N-glycan deletion mutant, processing and signaling were significantly suppressed. It was observed that the cell proliferation rate was suppressed in all-N-glycan deletion mutant, although the cell surface expression levels of MET were not completely diminished. We examined the HGF biding affinity for the recombinant extracellular domain of MET and found that peptide N-glycosidase F treatment did not affect the ligand binding affinity. It was suggested that N-glycans of MET affect the status and the function of the receptor site-specifically.

Project description:During embryogenesis, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) elicits a distinctive morphogenetic program, the invasive growth, by the activation of MET, whose aberrant activation in cancer drives metastatic progression. Aim of this work is to define and characterize the transcriptional signature of invasive growth, and to verify its activation in human cancers. Global expression profiling was carried out on mouse liver stem/progenitor cells (MLP-29) stimulated for different times, one, six and twenty-four hours, in vitro with HGF to define the invasive growth signature. Meta-analysis of human cancer microarray data was carried out to dissect the transcriptional modules of the invasive growth that are aberrantly activated during carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Differential expression analysis identified 2643 regulated genes by HGF, the invasive growth signature, subdivided in 11 gene expression clusters revealing waves of time coded transcriptional regulation. Those waves have been in-silico associated with the regulative role of the transcriptional unit of Rela/Nfkbia and Fos/Jun and biological features recapitulating the physiological invasive growth phenotype observed in cell line, such as cell motility and scattering, cellular proliferation and protection from apoptosis, cytoskeletal rearangement. Genomic meta-analysis on hepatocellular carcinoma identified of a core genes set (323 gene symbols), consistently regulated between MLP-29 and human tumors and significantly associated with cancer aggressiveness and metastasis p.val < 1*10-6, HR=5.404 CI= 2.570-11.365. The invasive growth signature recapitulates the physiopatological program driven by the stimulation of HGF in normal embryonic liver cells and its activity is observed in HCC as well as in several other tumors. This signature is associated with neoplastic progression and reliably predicts human HCC disease outcome, suggesting the involvement of the invasive growth and cancer in cancer progression. These results prompt the future application of anti-met target therapies in HCC and the application of the signature for both prognostic and predictive purposes.

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Novel functional analysis of MET exon 14 skipping alteration in driving cancer invasion and metastatic dissemination

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