Liver mRNA expression in 25 mice with or without genetic defects of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (Acadl and Acadvl knockout) using RNA sequencing
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE186613 | GEO | 2024/10/26
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:A mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation defect leads to dysregulation of plasma long-chain acyl carnitines, dysregulation of plasma amino acids, and an increased reliance on glucocorticoid signaling to maintain euglycemia during fasting. [muscle] Skeletal muscle tissue relies on products of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) during conditions of metabolic stress: fasting, prolonged exercise, febrile illness. Fasting-induced hypoglycemia and rhabdomyolysis are characteristic features of FAO disorders including very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency (VLCADD). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the connection between FAO dysfunction and skeletal muscle dysfunction are not known. Here, we investigated the transcriptional response in skeletal muscle tissue (gastrocnemius) to the FAO defect in a model of VLCADD: the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) knockout (KO) mouse. We found that differentially expressed genes in the muscle were associated with molecular networks annotated for the cellular response to starvation from population-based models. To validate the association between the starvation response and FAO, we pharmacologically inhibited both glucocorticoid signaling and FAO in a model of fasting and observed that mice depleted in both pathways lost less weight during fasting and became hypoglycemic. These findings implicate glucocorticoid signaling as a candidate modifier of the cellular response to starvation in muscle tissue in the context of FAO disorders including VLCADD.
2024-10-26 | GSE186648 | GEO
Project description:We identified that HK2 facilitate the maintenance and self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, HK2 exerts its function by enhancing the accumulation of acetyl-CoA and epigenetically activating the transcription of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), leading to an increase in fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) activity.
2022-05-06 | GSE184798 | GEO
Project description:The heart relies mainly on mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) for its high energy requirements. Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias can be severe complications in patients with inherited defects in mitochondrial long-chain FAO, reinforcing the importance of FAO for cardiac health. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the cardiac abnormalities in long-chain FAO disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cardiac transcriptional adaptations to the FAO defect in the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) knockout (KO) mouse. We found a prominent activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) mediated by the eIF2a/ATF4 axis in both fed and fasted states, accompanied by a reduction in cardiac protein synthesis during a short period of food withdrawal. Notably, we found an accumulation of uncharged tRNAs in LCAD KO hearts, consistent with a reduced availability of cardiac amino acids, in particular, glutamine. We replicated the activation of the cardiac ISR in hearts of mice with a muscle-specific deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deletion (Cpt2M-/-). Our results show that perturbations in amino acid metabolism caused by long-chain FAO deficiency impact cardiac metabolic signaling, in particular the ISR, and may play a role in the associated cardiac pathology.
2021-06-11 | GSE176553 | GEO
Project description:During fasting, mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation (mFAO) is essential for the generation of glucose by the liver. Children with a loss-of-function deficiency in the mFAO enzyme medium-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) are at serious risk of life-threatening low blood glucose levels during fasting in combination with intercurrent disease. However, a subset of these children remains asymptomatic throughout life. In MCAD-deficient (MCAD-KO) mice, glucose levels are similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice, even during fasting. We investigated if metabolic adaptations in the liver may underlie the robustness of this KO mouse. WT and KO mice were given a high- or low-fat diet and subsequently fasted. We analyzed histology, mitochondrial function, targeted mitochondrial proteomics, and transcriptome in liver tissue. Loss of MCAD led to a decreased capacity to oxidize octanoyl-CoA. This was not compensated for by altered protein levels of the short- and long-chain isoenzymes SCAD and LCAD. In the transcriptome, we identified subtle adaptations in the expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing CoA- and NAD(P)(H)-involving reactions and of genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. We discuss how these processes may contribute to robustness in MCAD-KO mice and potentially also in asymptomatic human subjects with a complete loss of MCAD activity.
2019-10-21 | GSE136309 | GEO
Project description:Nudix hydrolase 7 (NUDT7) is a peroxisomal (acyl-)CoA-degrading enzyme that is highly expressed in the liver. We previously showed that liver-specific NUDT7 overexpression affects peroxisomal lipid metabolism, but does not prevent the increase in total liver CoA levels that occurs with fasting. Herein, we show that deletion of Nudt7 alters the composition of the hepatic acyl-CoA pool in mice fed a low fat diet, but only in males fed a western diet does the lack of NUDT7 increase total liver CoA levels. This effect is driven by the accumulation of medium-chain dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs, which are products of the oxidation of dicarboxylic fatty acids in the peroxisomes. We also show that, under conditions of increased cholesterol intake and elevated bile acid synthesis, Nudt7 deletion increases the production of tauro-muricholic acids, decreasing the hydrophobicity index of the intestinal bile acid pool and increasing fecal cholesterol excretion. Collectively, our findings reveal a key role for NUDT7 in the regulation of the final products of bile acid synthesis and dicarboxylic fatty acid oxidation
2022-11-25 | GSE207914 | GEO
Project description:Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. Recently, an important role of fatty acid β-Oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistance has been shown. But how FAO might mitigate tumor cell apoptosis by chemotherapy is unclearknown. Here, we show that elevated FAO activates STAT3 by acetylation via elevated acetyl-CoA. Acetylated STAT3 upregulates expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), resulting in increased phospholipid synthesis. Elevating phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes leads to heightened mitochondrial integrity, which in turn overcomes chemotherapy-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conversely, in both cultured tumor cells and xenograft tumors, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ASCL4 or specifically targeting acetylated-STAT3 is associated with a reduction in phospholipids within mitochondrial membranes. This study demonstrates a critical mechanism underlying tumor cell chemoresistance.
2022-05-31 | GSE201052 | GEO
Project description:Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. Recently, an important role of fatty acid β-Oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistance has been shown. But how FAO might mitigate tumor cell apoptosis by chemotherapy is unclearknown. Here, we show that elevated FAO activates STAT3 by acetylation via elevated acetyl-CoA. Acetylated STAT3 upregulates expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), resulting in increased phospholipid synthesis. Elevating phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes leads to heightened mitochondrial integrity, which in turn overcomes chemotherapy-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conversely, in both cultured tumor cells and xenograft tumors, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ASCL4 or specifically targeting acetylated-STAT3 is associated with a reduction in phospholipids within mitochondrial membranes. This study demonstrates a critical mechanism underlying tumor cell chemoresistance.
2022-05-31 | GSE201051 | GEO
Project description:RNAseq analysis was conducted to complement the targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis of livers overexpressing the CoA-degrading enzyme Nudt7 or GFP (control). Lipid metabolism requires coenzyme A (CoA), which is found in multiple subcellular compartments including the peroxisomes. In the liver, CoA levels are dynamically adjusted between the fed and fasted states. The elevation in CoA levels that occurs during fasting is driven by increased synthesis but also correlates with decreased expression of Nudt7, the major CoA-degrading enzyme in the liver. Nudt7 resides in the peroxisomes and we overexpressed this enzyme in mouse livers to determine its effect on the size and composition of the hepatic CoA pool in the fed and fasted states. Nudt7 overexpression did not change total CoA levels but decreased the concentration of short-chain acyl-CoAs and choloyl-CoA in fasted livers, when endogenous Nudt7 activity was lowest. The effect on these acyl-CoAs correlated with a significant decrease in the hepatic bile acid content and in the rate of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, as estimated by targeted and untargeted metabolomics, combined with the measurement of fatty acid oxidation in intact hepatocytes. Identification of the CoA species and metabolic pathways affected the overexpression on Nudt7 in vivo supports the conclusion that the nutritionally-driven modulation of Nudt7 activity could contribute to the regulation of the peroxisomal CoA pool and peroxisomal lipid metabolism.
2019-03-08 | GSE125237 | GEO
Project description:vanEunen2013 - Network dynamics of fatty acid β-oxidation (time-course model)
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This model gives insights into the response of lipid oxidation to dietart and medical interventions. The model predicts the rate of lipid oxidation and the time course of most acyl carnitines. There are two models described in the paper, (i) steady-state model [ BIOMD0000000505
], (ii) time-course model [ BIOMD0000000506
]. This model corresponds to the time-course model.
This model is described in the article:
Biochemical competition makes fatty-acid β-oxidation vulnerable to substrate overload.
van Eunen K, Simons SM, Gerding A, Bleeker A, den Besten G, Touw CM, Houten SM, Groen BK, Krab K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9(8):e1003186.
Abstract:
Fatty-acid metabolism plays a key role in acquired and inborn metabolic diseases. To obtain insight into the network dynamics of fatty-acid β-oxidation, we constructed a detailed computational model of the pathway and subjected it to a fat overload condition. The model contains reversible and saturable enzyme-kinetic equations and experimentally determined parameters for rat-liver enzymes. It was validated by adding palmitoyl CoA or palmitoyl carnitine to isolated rat-liver mitochondria: without refitting of measured parameters, the model correctly predicted the β-oxidation flux as well as the time profiles of most acyl-carnitine concentrations. Subsequently, we simulated the condition of obesity by increasing the palmitoyl-CoA concentration. At a high concentration of palmitoyl CoA the β-oxidation became overloaded: the flux dropped and metabolites accumulated. This behavior originated from the competition between acyl CoAs of different chain lengths for a set of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases with overlapping substrate specificity. This effectively induced competitive feedforward inhibition and thereby led to accumulation of CoA-ester intermediates and depletion of free CoA (CoASH). The mitochondrial [NAD⁺]/[NADH] ratio modulated the sensitivity to substrate overload, revealing a tight interplay between regulation of β-oxidation and mitochondrial respiration.
This model is hosted on BioModels Database
and identified
by: BIOMD0000000506
.
To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource
for published quantitative kinetic models
.
To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or
neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public
domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain
Dedication
for more information.
2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000506 | BioModels
Project description:vanEunen2013 - Network dynamics of fatty acid β-oxidation (steady-state model)
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This model gives insights into the response of lipid oxidation to dietart and medical interventions. The model predicts the rate of lipid oxidation and the time course of most acyl carnitines. There are two models described in the paper, (i) steady-state model [ BIOMD0000000505
], (ii) time-course model [ BIOMD0000000506
]. This model corresponds to the steady-state model.
This model is described in the article:
Biochemical competition makes fatty-acid β-oxidation vulnerable to substrate overload.
van Eunen K, Simons SM, Gerding A, Bleeker A, den Besten G, Touw CM, Houten SM, Groen BK, Krab K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9(8):e1003186.
Abstract:
Fatty-acid metabolism plays a key role in acquired and inborn metabolic diseases. To obtain insight into the network dynamics of fatty-acid β-oxidation, we constructed a detailed computational model of the pathway and subjected it to a fat overload condition. The model contains reversible and saturable enzyme-kinetic equations and experimentally determined parameters for rat-liver enzymes. It was validated by adding palmitoyl CoA or palmitoyl carnitine to isolated rat-liver mitochondria: without refitting of measured parameters, the model correctly predicted the β-oxidation flux as well as the time profiles of most acyl-carnitine concentrations. Subsequently, we simulated the condition of obesity by increasing the palmitoyl-CoA concentration. At a high concentration of palmitoyl CoA the β-oxidation became overloaded: the flux dropped and metabolites accumulated. This behavior originated from the competition between acyl CoAs of different chain lengths for a set of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases with overlapping substrate specificity. This effectively induced competitive feedforward inhibition and thereby led to accumulation of CoA-ester intermediates and depletion of free CoA (CoASH). The mitochondrial [NAD⁺]/[NADH] ratio modulated the sensitivity to substrate overload, revealing a tight interplay between regulation of β-oxidation and mitochondrial respiration.
This model is hosted on BioModels Database
and identified
by: BIOMD0000000505
.
To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource
for published quantitative kinetic models
.
To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or
neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public
domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain
Dedication
for more information.
2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000505 | BioModels