Regulation of Chromatin Looping by CTCF and Cohesin
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE187487 | GEO | 2021/12/31
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The study investigates CTCF/cohesin binding and chromatin looping by ChIP-seq and Micro-C. By ChIP-seq, we determined the genome-wide binding profiles of CTCF and Smc1a cohesin subunit in a knock-in mouse ES cell line (wt-CTCF; clone C59) with endogenously tagged wild type CTCF (FLAG-Halo-mCTCF) and Rad21 (mRad21-SNAPf-V5), and compared them to the same ES line expressing a mutant CTCF (ΔRBR-CTCF; clone C59D2), where we replaced a previously described RNA binding region with a short linker (GDGAGLINS) followed by a 3xHA tag (N576_D611del::3xHA). By Micro-C, we compared nucleosome-resolution chromosome folding maps of the same ES cell lines C59 and C59D2 described above, to determine the effect of deleting CTCF RNA binding region on chromatin looping.
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Project description:Cohesin is implicated in establishing tissue-specific DNA loops that target enhancers to promoters, and also localizes to sites bound by the insulator protein CTCF, which blocks enhancer-promoter communication. However, cohesin-associated interactions have not been characterized on a genome-wide scale. Here we performed chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) of the cohesin subunit SMC1A in developing mouse limb. We identified 2,264 SMC1A interactions, of which 1,491 (65%) involved sites co-occupied by CTCF. SMC1A participates in tissue- specific enhancer-promoter interactions and interactions that demarcate regions of correlated regulatory output. In contrast to previous studies, we also identified interactions between promoters and distal sites that are maintained in multiple tissues, but are poised in embryonic stem cells and resolve to tissue-specific activated or repressed chromatin states in the mouse embryo. Our results reveal the diversity of cohesin- associated interactions in the genome and highlight their role in establishing the regulatory architecture of development. Smc1a ChIA-PET, RNA-seq, chromatin state maps (H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K4m2), and CTCF and Smc1a binding in mouse embryonic limb bud (E11.5)
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Project description:Purpose: Chromatin loop formation and maintenance is regulated by the cohesin complex. Here, we investigate whether a cancer mutation to a cohesin complex subunit, SMC1A-R586W, alters genome architecture. Method: Genome wide chromatin looping patterns were assessed via Hi-C in both wildtype and CRISPR-Cas9 genome edited SMC1A-R586W mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
2021-02-23 | GSE153574 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Chromatin loop formation and maintenance is regulated by the cohesin complex. Here, we investigate whether a cancer mutation to a cohesin complex subunit, SMC1A-R586W, alters genome architecture and gene expression. Method: Global gene expression was assessed using RNA-seq in wildtype and CRISPR-Cas9 genome edited SMC1A-R586W mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
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Project description:We determined the genome-wide binding profile of CTCF and cohesin subunits Smc1a and Smc3 in wild type mouse ES cells and compared them to a double FLAG-Halo-mCTCF/mRad21-SNAPf-V5 knock-in mES line, generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to perform imaging experiments.
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Project description:CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an architectural protein involved in the three-dimensional organization of chromatin. In this study, we systematically assayed the 3D genomic contact profiles of hundreds of CTCF binding sites in multiple tissues with high-resolution 4C-seq. We find both developmentally stable and dynamic chromatin loops. As recently reported, our data also suggest that chromatin loops preferentially form between CTCF binding sites oriented in a convergent manner. To directly test this, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to delete core CTCF binding sites in three loci, including the CTCF site in the Sox2 super-enhancer. In all instances, CTCF and cohesin recruitment were lost, and chromatin loops with distal CTCF sites were disrupted or destabilized. Re-insertion of oppositely oriented CTCF recognition sequences restored CTCF and cohesin recruitment, but did not re-establish chromatin loops. We conclude that CTCF binding polarity plays a functional role in the formation of higher order chromatin structure. 4C-seq was performed on a large number of viewpoints in E14 embryonic stem cells, neural precursor cells and primary fetal liver cells
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Project description:Cohesin is implicated in establishing tissue-specific DNA loops that target enhancers to promoters, and also localizes to sites bound by the insulator protein CTCF, which blocks enhancer-promoter communication. However, cohesin-associated interactions have not been characterized on a genome-wide scale. Here we performed chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) of the cohesin subunit SMC1A in developing mouse limb. We identified 2,264 SMC1A interactions, of which 1,491 (65%) involved sites co-occupied by CTCF. SMC1A participates in tissue- specific enhancer-promoter interactions and interactions that demarcate regions of correlated regulatory output. In contrast to previous studies, we also identified interactions between promoters and distal sites that are maintained in multiple tissues, but are poised in embryonic stem cells and resolve to tissue-specific activated or repressed chromatin states in the mouse embryo. Our results reveal the diversity of cohesin- associated interactions in the genome and highlight their role in establishing the regulatory architecture of development.
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Project description:Inborn defects in DNA repairare associated with complex developmental disorders whose causal mechanisms are poorly understood. Using an in vivo biotinylation tagging approach in mice, we show that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1-XPF complex interacts with the insulator binding protein CTCF, the cohesin subunits SMC1A and SMC3 and with MBD2; the factors co-localize with ATRX at the promoters and control regions (ICRs) of imprinted genes during postnatal hepatic development. Loss of Ercc1or exposure to mitomycin C triggers the localization of CTCF to heterochromatin, the dissociation of the CTCF-cohesin complex and ATRXfrom promoters and ICRs,altered histone marks and the aberrant developmental expression of imprinted genes without altering DNA methylation. We propose that ERCC1-XPF cooperates with CTCF and the cohesinto facilitatet he developmental silencing of imprinted genes and that persistent DNA damage triggers chromatin changes that affect gene expression programs associated with NER disorders.
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Project description:Estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells relies on long-range chromatin interactions connecting distal regulatory elements bound by the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) to target gene promoters. This ensures stimulus and subtype-specific transcriptional responses. Expanding on the function of CTCF and the cohesin complex in breast cancer, we demonstrate that the chromatin-looping factor ZNF143 binds the promoter of most early-response estrogen target genes connected to distal regulatory elements in ESR1-positive breast cancer cells. Its chromatin occupancy is unaffected by estrogen stimulation, supporting a stable three-dimensional genomic architecture within the early response to estrogen. Its loss abrogates the estrogen-induced transcriptional response and growth of breast cancer cells. When taking into account CTCF, ZNF143 and cohesin complex subunits, we show that chromatin-looping factors are genetically altered in over 20% of ESR1-positive primary breast tumors. Furthermore, the overexpression of ZNF143, CTCF and RAD21, a cohesin complex subunit, in ESR1-positive breast tumors associates with a worse clinical outcome. Overall, our results suggest that ZNF143 is a new critical effector of the estrogen response and highlights the contribution of the chromatin looping machinery to ESR1-positive breast cancer development. Examination of genome-wide ZNF143 binding in MCF-7 cells
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Project description:In an effort to map the deeply map the structure of the genome at loci of interest, we applied Region Capture Micro-C and revealed focal patterns of contact between enhancers & promoters that we term microcompartments. We have mapped genomic structure at 0.4-1.9 Mb-sized regions at the Klf1, Ppm1g, Fbn2, Sox2, and Nanog loci across 4 conditions: wild-type and transcriptionally inhibited mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs), and cohesin-depletion & control treatments in a RAD21-AID genome-edited mESC line.
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