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Extracellular vesicle microRNA profiling in synovial fluids and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients: methodological challenges and identification of putative disease biomarkers

ABSTRACT: New early low-invasive biomarkers are demanded for the management of Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (OJIA), the most common chronic inflammatory arthritis in childhood and a leading cause of disability. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in the synovial fluid (SF) of inflamed joints have gained increased recognition as mediators of arthritis pathogenesis and as a source of biomarkers. No standardized protocol is available, yet, for the analysis of EV-derived microRNAs (EV-miRs) in human SF specimens, and their potential as biomarkers in OJIA has not been explored. This study proposes an optimized procedure for profiling EV-miRs in SF and represents the first investigation of the miRNome in EV isolated from OJIA patients at disease onset. We present data showing efficient recovery of EVs from SF aspirates and optimal profiling of their miRNA content. We identified a subset of 15 EV-miRs whose expression was deregulated in SF. Analysis of EV-miRs target genes evidenced the enrichemnt of processes related to inflammation, cartilage/bone homeostasis, hypoxia, and hormone metabolism, suggesting their contribution to disease pathogenesis and potential as new putative biomarkers. In addition, we detected altered expression levels of several circulating EV-miRs able to discriminate new-onset OJIA patients from control children. Among them, 16 were consensually overexpressed in both PL and SF from OJIA patients respect to controls, potentially representing a disease-associated molecular “fingerprint” measurable at both the systemic and local levels with high diagnostic potential. These results improve our understanding of OJIA molecular mechanisms and provide an important contribution in the search of new candidate biomarkers for early OJIA diagnosis and the design of novel tailored therapies.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE191326 | GEO | 2022/12/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:New early low-invasive biomarkers are highly demanded for the management of Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (OJIA), the most common chronic pediatric rheumatic disease in Western countries and a leading cause of disability. Despite recent significant advances in OJIA treatment, a high percentage of patients undergo arthritis recurrence and/or extension to other joints by one-two years after onset. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis of OJIA pathophysiology is essential for the identification of biomarkers for early disease detection and patient stratification and to guide targeted therapeutic intervention to allow the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions earlier in disease course. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in biological fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive approach to elucidate adult arthritis pathogenic mechanisms and for new biomarker discovery. However, EV-prot expression and potential as biomarkers in OJIA have not been explored. This study represents the first detailed longitudinal characterization investigation of EV proteome in newly diagnosed OJIA patients. Fourty-five OJIA patients were recruited at disease onset and followed up for 24 months, and protein expression profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in EVs isolated from plasma (PL) and synovial fluid (SF) samples. Because joints are the main targets of clinical manifestations, we first searched for EV-prots potentially implicated in disease development by comparing the EV-proteome of SF (SF_OJIA) vs paired PL (PL_OJIA). We identified a subset of 83 proteins significantly (FDR < 0.01) differentially expressed (31 up- and 52 downregulated) in EVs from SF compared to PL and 33 EV-prots exclusively present in SF samples. Pathway analysis revealed EV-prot enrichment in processes related to cartilage/bone metabolism and inflammation suggesting their role in OJIA joint pathogenesis and potential value as early biomarkers of disease development. Comparative analysis of the SF_OJIA and PL_OJIA EV-proteomic profiles was then carried out respect to the PL of 24 age/gender-matched control children (PL_CTR) to identify early disease-specific proteins. Significant up- and down-regulation of 110 and 92 EV-prots, respectively, were observed in PL_OJIA compared to PL_CTR samples, and 294 EV-prots were found exclusively present, effectively differentiating new-onset OJIA patients from control children. EV-prots were significantly associatd to biological processes related to innate immunity, antigen processing and presentation, and cytoskeleton organization. Importantly, a subset of 76 EV-prots displayed consensual regulation in, and 77 exclusively expressed EV-prots were shared by, PL and SF from patients respect to CTR, potentially representing a disease-associated signature measurable at both the systemic and local levels with diagnostic potential. Finally, we runned WGCNA on the SF- and PL-derived EV-prot datasets to search for EV-prot clusters associated to clinical parameters, such as ANA positivity, disease relapse, polyarticular extension, and iridocyclitis development occurring within the 2 years of follow-up, and we identified 9 and 7 EV-prot modules in SF and PL samples, respectively, able to stratify OJIA patients in distinct subgroups with different disease course. These data provide mechanistic insights into OJIA pathophysiology and an important contribution in the search of new candidate biomarkers for the disease.

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Extracellular vesicle microRNA profiling in synovial fluids and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients: methodological challenges and identification of putative disease biomarkers

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