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Plakoglobin is a mechanoresponsive regulator of naïve pluripotency

ABSTRACT: Biomechanical cues are instrumental in guiding embryonic development and cell differentiation. Understanding how these physical stimuli translate into transcriptional programs could provide insight into mechanisms underlying mammalian pre-implantation development. Here, we explore this by exerting microenvironmental control over mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Microfluidic encapsulation of ESCs in agarose microgels stabilized the naïve pluripotency network and specifically induced expression of Plakoglobin (Jup), a vertebrate homologue of β-catenin. Indeed, overexpression of Plakoglobin was sufficient to fully re-establish the naïve pluripotency gene regulatory network under metastable pluripotency conditions, as confirmed by single-cell transcriptome profiling. Finally, we found that in the epiblast, Plakoglobin was exclusively expressed at the blastocyst stage in human and mouse embryos – further strengthening the link between Plakoglobin and naïve pluripotency in vivo. Our work reveals Plakoglobin as a mechanosensitive regulator of naïve pluripotency and provides a paradigm to interrogate the effects of volumetric confinement on cell-fate transitions.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE197643 | GEO | 2023/05/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Pluripotency can be maintained in the naïve state through manipulation of ERK and WNT signalling (2i), shielding embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from inductive cues. Alternatively, inhibiting CDK8/19 (CDK8/19i), a repressor of the Mediator co-activator complex, directly stimulates super-enhancer activity, and was recently shown to stabilize cells in a functional state that resembles naïve pluripotency. Naïve ESCs exhibit important epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic features. However, our understanding on how these regulatory layers are inter-connected to promote the naive state is in progress. To fill this gap, here we used mass spectrometry to describe the dynamic molecular events (i.e. phosphoproteome, proteome and metabolome) executed by 2i and CDK8/19i, as they transition cell identity into naïve pluripotency. We observed rapid proteomic reprogramming, revealing widespread commonalities, and some important differences, between these two approaches, suggesting a largely over-lapping mechanism. CDK8/19i acts directly on the control of the transcriptional machinery, which elicits a rapid and direct activation of key identity genes including those that maintain the naïve program. Additional molecular changes in 2i are achieved by phosphorylation of critical downstream effectors that reinforce the naïve transcriptional circuitry while repressing factors from the more-differentiated formative and primed states. Comparing transcriptomic and proteomic changes, we found that post-transcriptional de-repression is a major feature of naïve pluripotency conferred by both 2i and CDK8/19i, and this may support the enhanced mitochondrial capacity of naive cells. Furthermore, at the level of metabolome, while 2i- and CDK8/19i-treated cells share similar aspects in one-carbon metabolism and beta-oxidation, in other regards they are divergent, a feature which may explain their differences in DNA methylation. These datasets provide a valuable resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency and cell identity transitions.

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Plakoglobin is a mechanoresponsive regulator of naïve pluripotency

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