Deconstructing replicative senescence heterogeneity of human mesenchymal stem cells at single cell resolution reveals therapeutically targetable senescent cell sub-populations
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE200157 | GEO | 2023/04/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Senescent cells are a major cause of organismal aging and a key target for anti-aging therapies. Persistent DNA damage signaling is a primary driver of the induction and maintenance of cellular senescence. However, many DNA damaging stimuli that induce senescence, such as irradiation or transient exposure to genotoxic drugs, are transient. The mechanisms underlying persistent damage signaling in senescent cells, and why senescent cells fail to repair damaged DNA, remain unknown. Here, we were able to assess the mechanisms underlying persistence of DNA damage and senescence maintenance by designing a precisely controllable senescence system that does not require potent stressors to induce senescence. We demonstrate that sustained mTORC1 signaling in senescent cells causes gradually accumulating DNA damage and an inflammatory response that maintains cell-cycle arrest. Markedly, activation of E2F transcription, which promotes expression of DNA repair proteins, can reverse accumulated DNA damage. Thus, persistent DNA damage signaling arises in senescent cells by uncoupling of mTORC1 and E2F signaling, whereby prolonged mTORC1 activity causes gradually increasing DNA damage that cannot be sufficiently repaired without induction of protective E2F target genes.
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Project description:Tissues are maintained by homeostatic feedback mechanisms in which cells can respond to, but also modify, the chemical and mechanical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechano-sensitive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resident in the marrow niche experience a diverse mechanical environment, but ageing can affect the composition and quality of bone and marrow tissues. Here we quantified the compounded effects of substrate stiffness and replication-induced senescence on MSC morphology and their ability to modify their environments through secretion of ECM proteins. The ECM proteome was found to be sensitive to substrate stiffness, but pharmacological inhibition of cellular contractility perturbed this response, decreasing levels of tenascin-C, fibulins and fibronectin. A corresponding change in the ECM of senescent cells, concomitant with a loss of mechano-responsive morphological features, suggested a decoupling of mechanotransduction pathways. Intracellular proteomic and transcriptomic analyses confirmed a decrease in all components of the cytoskeletal protein homeostasis machinery in senescent MSCs. These results demonstrate a senescence-mediated perturbation to cytoskeletal homeostasis, pathways of mechanotransduction and the secretion of ECM proteins considered necessary for tissue maintenance.
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Project description:Tissues are maintained by homeostatic feedback mechanisms in which cells can respond to, but also modify, the chemical and mechanical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechano-sensitive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resident in the marrow niche experience a diverse mechanical environment, but ageing can affect the composition and quality of bone and marrow tissues. Here we quantified the compounded effects of substrate stiffness and replication-induced senescence on MSC morphology and their ability to modify their environments through secretion of ECM proteins. The ECM proteome was found to be sensitive to substrate stiffness, but pharmacological inhibition of cellular contractility perturbed this response, decreasing levels of tenascin-C, fibulins and fibronectin. A corresponding change in the ECM of senescent cells, concomitant with a loss of mechano-responsive morphological features, suggested a decoupling of mechanotransduction pathways. Intracellular proteomic and transcriptomic analyses confirmed a decrease in all components of the cytoskeletal protein homeostasis machinery in senescent MSCs. These results demonstrate a senescence-mediated perturbation to cytoskeletal homeostasis, pathways of mechanotransduction and the secretion of ECM proteins considered necessary for tissue maintenance.
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Project description:Cellular senescence is now acknowledged as a key contributor to organismal ageing and late-life disease. Although popular, the study of senescence in vitro can be complicated by the prolonged and asynchronous timing of cells committing to it and its paracrine effects. To address these issues, we repurposed the small molecule inhibitor inflachromene (ICM) to induce senescence to human primary cells. Within six days of treatment with ICM, senescence hallmarks, including the nuclear eviction of HMGB1 and -B2, are uniformly induced across the cell population. By comparing various high throughput datasets from ICM-induced and replicative senescence, we uncovered significant similarities between the two states. Notably, ICM suppresses the proinflammatory secretome associated with senescence, thus alleviating most paracrine effects. In summary, ICM rapidly and synchronously induces a senescence-like phenotype that allows us to study its core regulatory program without any confounding heterogeneity.
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Project description:Cellular senescence is now acknowledged as a key contributor to organismal ageing and late-life disease. Although popular, the study of senescence in vitro can be complicated by the prolonged and asynchronous timing of cells committing to it and its paracrine effects. To address these issues, we repurposed the small molecule inhibitor inflachromene (ICM) to induce senescence to human primary cells. Within six days of treatment with ICM, senescence hallmarks, including the nuclear eviction of HMGB1 and -B2, are uniformly induced across the cell population. By comparing various high throughput datasets from ICM-induced and replicative senescence, we uncovered significant similarities between the two states. Notably, ICM suppresses the proinflammatory secretome associated with senescence, thus alleviating most paracrine effects. In summary, ICM rapidly and synchronously induces a senescence-like phenotype that allows us to study its core regulatory program without any confounding heterogeneity.
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