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Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of a soft-tissue sarcoma model reveals the critical role of tumor expressed MIF in shaping macrophage heterogeneity. [bulk RNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The standard of care is unsuccessful to treat recurrent and aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas. Interventions aimed at targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have shown promise for many solid tumors, yet have been only marginally tested for sarcoma, partly because knowledge of the sarcoma microenvironment composition is limited. We employed single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize the immune composition of an undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma mouse model, showing that macrophages in the sarcoma mass exhibit distinct activation states. Sarcoma cells used the pleiotropic cytokine Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) to interact with macrophages expressing the CD74 receptor to switch macrophages’ activation state and pro-tumorigenic potential. Blocking the expression of MIF in sarcoma cells favored the accumulation of macrophages with inflammatory and antigen-presenting profiles, hence reducing tumor growth. These data may pave the way for testing new therapies aimed at re-shaping the sarcoma microenvironment, in combination with the standard of care.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE201616 | GEO | 2022/07/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of our arteries and the main underlying pathology of myocardial infarction and stroke. The pathogenesis is age-dependent, but the links between disease progression, age, and atherogenic cytokines and chemokines are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in atherogenic Apoe–/– mice across different stages of aging and cholesterol-rich high-fat diet (HFD). MIF promotes atherosclerosis by mediating leukocyte recruitment, lesional inflammation, and suppressing atheroprotective B- cells. However, links between MIF and advanced atherosclerosis across aging have not been systematically explored. We compared effects of global Mif-gene deficiency in 30-, 42-, and 48-week-old Apoe–/– mice on HFD for 24, 36, or 42 weeks, respectively, and in 52-week- old mice on a 6-week HFD. Mif-deficient mice exhibited reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the 30/24- and 42/36-week-old groups, but atheroprotection, which in the applied Apoe–/– model was limited to lesions in the brachiocephalic artery and abdominal aorta, was not detected in the 48/42- and 52/6-week-old groups. This suggested that atheroprotection afforded by global Mif-gene deletion differs across aging stages and atherogenic diet duration. To characterize this phenotype and study the underlying mechanisms, we determined immune cells in the periphery and vascular lesions, obtained a multiplex cytokine/chemokine profile, and compared the transcriptome between the age-related phenotypes. We found that Mif- deficiency promotes lesional macrophage and T cell counts in younger but not aged mice, with sub-group analysis pointing towards a role for Trem2+ macrophage. The transcriptomic analysis identified MIF- and aging-dependent changes in lipid, cell respiration, and inflammation pathways, and key enriched genes such as Cpne7, Cd6, Plin1, Cd274 hinting towards effects on lesional T cells, lipids, and foamy macrophages. Moreover, Mif-deficient aged mice exhibited a distinct plasma cytokine/chemokine signature consistent with the notion that mediators known to drive inflamm’aging are either not down-regulated or even up- regulated in Mif-deficient aged mice compared to the corresponding younger ones. Lastly, Mif-deficiency favored formation of lymphocyte-rich peri-adventitial leukocyte clusters. While the causative contributions of these mechanistic pillars and their interplay will be subject to future scrutiny, our study suggests that atheroprotection due to global Mif-gene deficiency in atherogenic Apoe–/– mice is reduced upon advanced aging and identifies previously unrecognized cellular and molecular targets that could explain this phenotype shift. These observations enhance our understanding of inflamm’aging and MIF pathways in atherosclerosis and may have implications for translational MIF-directed strategies.

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Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of a soft-tissue sarcoma model reveals the critical role of tumor expressed MIF in shaping macrophage heterogeneity. [bulk RNA-Seq]

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