Transcriptomics of hypothalamic responses of broiler chickens fed L-citrulline supplemented diets under different ambient temperatures
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: The above study is an original research that employs transcriptomics analysis to investigate the hypothalamic responses associated with dietary L-Citrulline treatment. L-Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that is widely gaining research interest due to its role in thermoregulation and its efficiency as an arginine/nitric oxide precursor. Therefore, this study demonstrates that dietary supplementation of L-citrulline to broilers under different housing temperatures would stimulate regulatory pathways involved with brain development and feeding behavior. We have also identified potential candidate genes that would be beneficial in fostering further research on L-citrulline-induced hypothermia.
Project description:Transcriptomics of hypothalamic responses of broiler chickens fed L-citrulline supplemented diets under different ambient temperatures
Project description:The aim of this study was to explore whether, and if so, how Bacillus subtilis KC1 can enhance the growth performance of broilers that have been adversely affected by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection. A total of 96 1-day-old male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (basal diet), the MG group (basal diet + MG challenge), the Bacillus subtilis KC1 group (basal diet + Bacillus subtilis KC1 supplementation), the Bacillus subtilis KC1 + MG group (basal diet + Bacillus subtilis KC1 supplementation + MG challenge). The trial lasted 42 days, and the results showed that the MG group had significantly reduced body weight and average daily gain, as well as increased feed conversion ratio of broilers, compared to the control group. Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis KC1 significantly improved the growth performance of MG-infected broilers. In addition, dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis KC1 significantly improved oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers, characterized by increased superoxide dismutase levels and reduced levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, both metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses indicated that MG infection markedly disrupted amino acid metabolism in broilers, whereas Bacillus subtilis KC1 supplementation alleviated the abnormal amino acid metabolism caused by MG infection. These results suggested that Bacillus subtilis KC1 may alleviate the poor growth performance caused by MG infection in broilers by improving amino acid metabolism.
Project description:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental magnolol and honokiol in broilers infected with S. pullorum. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were selected and randomly divided into four groups with six replicates: the negative control group (CTL), S. pullorum-infected group (SP), and the S. pullorum-infected group supplemented with 300 mg/kg honokiol (SPH) or magnolol (SPM). Chicks in the SP, SPH, and SPM groups were orally treated with a 0.5 ml (4×108 CFU/mL) S. pullorum solution at 5 days of age, while chicks in the control (CTL) group received the same amount of sterilized PBS at the same age.At 14 and 21 days of age, one chick from each replicate was randomly selected to be weighed and slaughtered by jugular exsanguination after a 12-h fasting period. The ileum samples were collected to analyze the differential expression genes.
Project description:Shotgun proteomics was conducted with blood plasma samples collected from woody breast chickens compared with non-woody breast control broilers at 4- and 8 wks of age.
Project description:Functional microRNA (miRNA) screening for abdominal fat tissue with different dietary vitamin E (VE) levels was performed in broilers.
Project description:Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of multicarbohydrases supplementation on performance of broilers fed low energy diet.A total of 75 days old chicks were selected and randomly divided into three treatments groups (T1, T2, and T3); each group contained 25 chicks distributed in five replicates of five chicks each. T1 group (positive control) was offered control ration formulated as per Bureau of Indian Standards recommendations. In T2 group (negative control) ration, metabolizable energy (ME) was reduced by 100 kcal/kg diet. T3 group ration was same as that of T2 except that it was supplemented with multicarbohydrases (xylanase at 50 g/ton+mannanase at 50 g/ton+amylase at 40 g/ton). Feed intake and body weight of all experimental birds were recorded weekly. Metabolic trial was conducted for 3 days at the end of experiment to know the retention of nutrients.Significant improvement (p<0.01) was observed in total weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and performance index in broilers under supplementary group T3 as compared to T1 and T2 groups. Retention of crude protein and ether extract was significantly increased (p<0.05) in T3 group supplemented with multicarbohydrases as compared to other groups. Retention of dry matter, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract was comparable in all the three groups. Significantly highest dressed weight, eviscerated weight, and drawn weight (% of live body weight) were observed in multicarbohydrases supplemented T3 group, however it was comparable in T1 and T2 groups.It was concluded that the supplementation of multicarbohydrases (xylanase at 50 g/ton+mannanase at 50 g/ton+amylase at 40 g/ton) in low energy diet improved overall performance of broilers.
Project description:An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that muscle damage in fast-growing broiler chickens is associated with an ambient temperature that does not permit the birds to lose metabolic heat resulting in physiological heat stress and a reduction in meat quality. The experiment was performed in 4 climate chambers and was repeated in 2 trials using a total of 200 male broiler chickens. Two treatments compared the recommended temperature profile and a cool regimen. The cool regimen was defined by a theoretical model that determined the environmental temperature that would enable heat generated by the bird to be lost to the environment. There were no differences in growth rate or feed intake between the two treatments. Breast muscles from birds on the recommended temperature regimen were lighter, less red and more yellow than those from the cool temperature regimen. There were no differences in moisture loss or shear strength but stiffness was greater in breast muscle from birds housed in the cool compared to the recommended regimen. Histopathological changes in the breast muscle were similar in both treatments and were characterised by mild to severe myofibre degeneration and necrosis with regeneration, fibrosis and adipocyte infiltration. There was no difference in plasma creatine kinase activity, a measure of muscle cell damage, between the two treatments consistent with the absence of differences in muscle pathology. It was concluded that breast muscle damage in fast-growing broiler chickens was not the result of an inability to lose metabolic heat at recommended ambient temperatures. The results suggest that muscle cell damage and breast meat quality concerns in modern broiler chickens are related to genetic selection for muscle yields and that genetic selection to address breast muscle integrity in a balanced breeding programme is imperative.
Project description:The broilers were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (Con, DEX, P8, and DEX+P8 groups) with 10 replicates per group (10 broilers per replicate). Broilers in the Con and DEX groups were fed a basal diet. Broilers in the P8 and DEX+P8 groups were fed a basal diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g P8. At 16 days of age, broilers in the DEX and DEX+P8 groups were injected with 3 mg/kg body weight DEX (200 μL), whereas broilers in the Con group were injected with an equal volume of saline.
Project description:Chromosomal structural variation can cause alterations in gene dosage and gene regulation between genomes. Structural variants producing a change in the number of copies of a genomic region are termed copy number variants (CNVs). CNVs have been demonstrated to have causative effects on both Mendelian and complex traits, including susceptibility to infectious diseases. We are interested in mapping CNVs to domesticated chicken breeds to help determine structural variation between genomes that influences economically important traits. For this study, Fayoumi, Leghorn, Line A broiler and Line B broiler chicken were chosen. Fayoumi and Leghorn chickens were selected as these two breeds harbor different responses certain pathogens like Avian Influenza Virus and coccidiosis; Broiler Line A and Line B indivduals were chosen as they harbor different intestinal colonization loads to the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni. Campylobacter genetic Line A and genetic Line B are from a commercial producer have been previously described as either resistant (Line A) or susceptible (Line B). Highly inbred chicken lines Fayoumi M15.2 (n=6) and Leghorn GHs6 (n=6) and broilers from Line A (n=24 individuals in pools of 4) and Line B (n=24 individuals in pools of 4)were subjected to array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). Each sample was normalized to a Red Jungle Fowl reference. CNVs for each individual and between lines were determined. The major goal of this study was to discover and characterize CNVs in chickens to further narrow in on Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) affecting disease response. For the test DNA in Fayoumi and Leghorn, samples from 6 inbred Fayoumi and 6 inbred Leghorn individuals were used; For the test DNA in the Campylobacter genetic lines, samples from 24 individual broilers of Line A (in pools of 4) and 24 individual broilers of Line B (in pools of 4) were used. For the reference DNA, Red Jungle Fowl line UCD001 was used from a self-self hybridization.
Project description:In the current study, we expanded our previous work to identify miRNAs implicated in the myogenesis regulation through the comparison of miRNAs transcriptome in skeletal muscle tissues between broilers and layers. To address that, we firstly performed Solexa deep sequencing to profile miRNAs expressed in chicken skeletal muscle tissues. Sequence tags analyses not only enable us to report a group of highly abundant known miRNAs expressed in skeletal muscles but most importantly to identify novel putative chicken miRNAs from skeletal muscle tissue. Further miRNA transcriptome comparison and real-time RT-PCR validation experiments revealed seveal differentially expressed miRNAs between broilers and layers. Examination of miRNA transcriptome in skeletal muscle of two kinds of chickens