Mitochondrial Genetic Background Modulates Phenotype and Nuclear-Mitochondrial Genome Expression in Isolated Adult Cardiomyocytes of Volume Overload
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE218640 | GEO | 2023/03/22
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Dysfunctional bioenergetics has emerged as a key feature in many chronic pathologies such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This has led to the mitochondrial paradigm in which it has been proposed that mtDNA sequence variation contributes to disease susceptibility. In the present study we show a novel animal model of mtDNA polymorphisms, the MNX (mitochondrial-nuclear exchange) mouse, in which the mtDNA from the C3H/HeN mouse has been inserted on to the C57/BL6 nuclear background and vice versa to test this concept. Our data show a major contribution of the C57/BL6 mtDNA to the susceptibility to the pathological stress of cardiac volume overload which is independent of the nuclear background. Mitochondria harbouring the C57/BL6J mtDNA generate more ROS (reactive oxygen species) and have a higher mitochondrial membrane potential relative to those with C3H/HeN mtDNA, independent of nuclear background. We propose this is the primary mechanism associated with increased bioenergetic dysfunction in response to volume overload. In summary, these studies support the 'mitochondrial paradigm' for the development of disease susceptibility, and show that the mtDNA modulates cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial ROS generation and susceptibility to cardiac stress.
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Project description:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes are associated with phenotypes and disease. To understand how mtDNA haplotypes induce these characteristics, we used four embryonic stem cell lines that have the same set of chromosomes but possess different mtDNA haplotypes. We show that mtDNA haplotypes influence changes in chromosomal gene expression and affinity for nuclear-encoded mtDNA replication factors to modulate mtDNA copy number, two events that act synchronously during differentiation. Global DNA methylation analysis showed that each haplotype induces distinct DNA methylation patterns, which, when modulated by DNA demethylation agents resulted in skewed gene expression patterns that highlight the effectiveness of the new DNA methylation patterns established by each haplotype. The haplotypes differentially regulate α-ketoglutarate, a metabolite from the TCA cycle that modulates the TET family of proteins, which catalyse the transition from 5-methylcytosine (DNA methylation) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (DNA demethylation). Our outcomes show a direct link between mtDNA haplotypes and DNA methylation profiles.
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Project description:Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been proposed to be essential for metabolic adaptation, and because metabolism is intrinsically associated with multiple disease states, including obesity, we hypothesized that changes in the mtDNA would significantly influence adiposity and gene expression in response to diet. To test these predictions we used Mitochondrial-Nuclear eXchange mice, which have nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that have been exchanged from different M. musculus strains.
2018-09-12 | GSE86826 | GEO
Project description:Exercise is a fundamental component of human health that is associated with greater life expectancy and reduced risk of chronic diseases. While the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on human health are well established, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these observations remain unclear. Endurance exercise reduces the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, alleviates multisystem pathology, and increases the lifespan of the mtDNA mutator mouse model of aging, in which the proof-reading capacity of mitochondrial polymerase gamma (POLG1) is deficient. Clearly, exercise recruited a POLG1-independent mtDNA repair pathway to induce these adaptations, a novel finding as POLG1 is canonically considered to be the sole mtDNA repair enzyme. Here we investigate the identity of this pathway, and show that endurance exercise prevents mitochondrial oxidative damage, attenuates telomere erosion, and mitigates cellular senescence and apoptosis in mtDNA mutator mice. Unexpectedly, we observe translocation of tumour suppressor protein p53 to mitochondria in response to endurance exercise that facilitates mtDNA mutation repair. Indeed, endurance exercise failed to prevent mtDNA mutations, induce mitochondrial biogenesis, preserve mitochondrial morphology, reverse sarcopenia, and mitigate premature mortality in mtDNA mutator mice with muscle-specific deletion of p53. Our data establish an exciting new role for p53 in exercise-mediated maintenance of the mtDNA genome, and presents mitochondrially-targeted p53 as a novel therapeutic modality for aging-associated diseases of mitochondrial etiology. Microarray analysis of gene expression from skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris) from Mus musculus. N=23 samples per treatment were analysed for whole transcriptiome gene expression profile using NimbleGen Arrays. The treatment groups included wild-type C57Bl/6J mice as the control group, then two treatment groups which both contained homozygous knock-in mtDNA mutator mice (PolG; PolgAD257A/D257A). Once group of these heterozygous knock out mice received regular endurance exercise sessions while the other group remained sedentraty for 6 months. The control group specimens were wild-type litter mates to the transgenic knockout mice.
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Project description:Mitochondrial Genetic Background Modulates Phenotype and Nuclear-Mitochondrial Genome Expression in Isolated Adult Cardiomyocytes of Volume Overload
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Project description:To identify and analyze mtDNA mutation-responsive genes, a comparison of gastrocnemius muscle tissues from WT (control) and D257A mice was conducted. We examined changes in gene expression in the muscle associated with mtDNA mutations. 1) Types of experiments: a) Effect of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations b) Effect of aging c) WT (13 month-old Polg+/+ mice) vs. D257A (13 month-old PolgD257A/D257A) mice 2) Experimental factors: a) Type of gene: PolgD257A/D257A b) Time (age) 3) Number of hybridizations in the study: ~10 4) A common reference RNA was not used. 5) Quality control measures were not used. No replicates were done. Dye swap was not used.
2010-05-27 | E-GEOD-21189 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD), typically developing between the ages of 55 and 65 years, is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons due to the accumulation of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra. Mitochondria are known to play a key role in cell respiratory function and bioenergetic. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction causes an insufficient energy production required to satisfy the needs of several organs, especially the nervous system. Material and methods: The present study explored the mRNA expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded respiratory chain (RC) subunits in PD patients by using the next generation sequencing analysis (NGS) and the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for the confirmation of the NGS results. Results: All tested mitochondrial RC subunits was significantly over-expressed in subjects with PD compared to normal controls . In qRT-PCR the mean expression of all mitochondrial subunits had an expression level of at least 7 times compared to controls. Conclusion: The over-expression of mitochondrial subunits in PD subjects might be secondary to a degeneration-related alteration of the mitochondrial structure or dynamics or to the occurrence of a compensatory mechanism. The study of specific mRNA by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide a better diagnostic frame to early detect PD cases.
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Project description:The mechanical effect of raised intraocular pressure is a recognised stimulus for optic neuropathy in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Characteristic extra-cellular matrix (ECM) remodelling accompanies axonal damage in the lamina cribrosa (LC) of the optic nerve head in POAG. Glial cells in the lamina cribrosa may play a role in this process but the precise cellular responses to mechanical forces in this region are unknown. The authors examined global gene expression profiles in lamina cribrosa cells exposed to cyclical mechanical stretch, with an emphasis on ECM genes. Experiment Overall Design: n=3 stretch and static control experiments. Experiment Overall Design: RNA pooled from each experiment and hybridised to individual experiment and control arrays.
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