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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

PROVIDER: GSE223597 | GEO | 2023/02/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [CUT&Tag]

Project description:We find that two SAM synthases in C. elegans, SAMS-1 and SAMS-3/4, contribute differently to modification of H3K4me3, gene expression and survival in the heat stress response. Our data showing differential SAM provisioning to distinct groups of methylated targets based on SAM synthase source suggests that determining how methyl donors are provided will broaden insight into 1CC functions in aging and stress.

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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [RNA-seq: sams RNAi, 20C]

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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [RNA-seq: sams-4 RNAi, Heat shock]

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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress

Project description:S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress

| PRJNA926936 | ENA

S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [CUT&Tag]

Project description:S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [CUT&Tag]

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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [RNA-seq: sams RNAi, 20C]

Project description:S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [RNA-seq: sams RNAi, 20C]

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S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [RNA-seq: sams-4 RNAi, Heat shock]

Project description:S-adenosylmethionine synthases specify distinct H3K3me3 populations and gene expression patterns during heat stress [RNA-seq: sams-4 RNAi, Heat shock]

| PRJNA926941 | ENA

Tropomyosin Isoforms Specify Functionally Distinct Actin Filament Populations In Vitro.

Project description:Actin filaments assemble into a variety of networks to provide force for diverse cellular processes [1]. Tropomyosins are coiled-coil dimers that form head-to-tail polymers along actin filaments and regulate interactions of other proteins, including actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilins and myosins, with actin [2-5]. In mammals, >40 tropomyosin isoforms can be generated through alternative splicing from four tropomyosin genes. Different isoforms display non-redundant functions and partially non-overlapping localization patterns, for example within the stress fiber network [6, 7]. Based on cell biological studies, it was thus proposed that tropomyosin isoforms may specify the functional properties of different actin filament populations [2]. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the properties of actin filaments decorated by stress-fiber-associated tropomyosins (Tpm1.6, Tpm1.7, Tpm2.1, Tpm3.1, Tpm3.2, and Tpm4.2). These proteins bound F-actin with high affinity and competed with α-actinin for actin filament binding. Importantly, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy of fluorescently tagged proteins revealed that most tropomyosin isoforms cannot co-polymerize with each other on actin filaments. These isoforms also bind actin with different dynamics, which correlate with their effects on actin-binding proteins. The long isoforms Tpm1.6 and Tpm1.7 displayed stable interactions with actin filaments and protected filaments from ADF/cofilin-mediated disassembly, but did not activate non-muscle myosin IIa (NMIIa). In contrast, the short isoforms Tpm3.1, Tpm3.2, and Tpm4.2 displayed rapid dynamics on actin filaments and stimulated the ATPase activity of NMIIa, but did not efficiently protect filaments from ADF/cofilin. Together, these data provide experimental evidence that tropomyosin isoforms segregate to different actin filaments and specify functional properties of distinct actin filament populations.

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Patterns of alternative splicing vary between species during heat stress.

Project description:Plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms to respond and adapt to abiotic stress. High temperature stress induces the heat shock response. During the heat shock response a large number of genes are up-regulated, many of which code for chaperone proteins that prevent irreversible protein aggregation and cell death. However, it is clear that heat shock is not the only mechanism involved in the plant heat stress response. Alternative splicing (AS) is also important during heat stress since this post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism can produce significant transcriptome and proteome variation. In this study, we examine AS during heat stress in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and in the highly thermotolerant native California mustard Boechera depauperata. Analyses of AS during heat stress revealed that while a significant number of genes undergo AS and are differentially expressed (DE) during heat stress, some undergo both AS and DE. Analysis of the functional categories of genes undergoing AS indicated that enrichment patterns are different in the two species. Categories enriched in B. depauperata included light response genes and numerous abiotic stress response genes. Categories enriched in A. thaliana, but not in B. depauperata, included RNA processing and nucleotide binding. We conclude that AS and DE are largely independent responses to heat stress. Furthermore, this study reveals significant differences in the AS response to heat stress in the two related mustard species. This indicates AS responses to heat stress are species-specific. Future studies will explore the role of AS of specific genes in organismal thermotolerance.

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Heat stress directly impairs gut integrity and recruits distinct immune cell populations into the bovine intestine.

Project description:High ambient temperature has multiple potential effects on the organism such as hyperthermia, endotoxemia, and/or systemic inflammation. However, it is often difficult to discriminate between cause and consequence of phenotypic effects, such as the indirect influence of heat stress via reduced food intake. Lactating dairy cows are a particularly sensitive model to examine the effects of heat stress due to their intensive metabolic heat production and small surface:volume ratio. Results from this model show heat stress directly induced a so-far unknown infiltration of yet uncategorized cells into the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum. Due to a pair-feeding design, we can exclude this effect being a consequence of the concurrent heat-induced reduction in feed intake. Isolation and characterization of the infiltrating cells using laser capture microdissection and RNA sequencing indicated a myeloic origin and macrophage-like phenotype. Furthermore, targeted transcriptome analyses provided evidence of activated immune- and phagocytosis-related pathways with LPS and cytokines as upstream regulators directly associated with heat stress. Finally, we obtained indication that heat stress may directly alter jejunal tight junction proteins suggesting an impaired intestinal barrier. The penetration of toxic and bacterial compounds during heat stress may have triggered a modulated immune repertoire and induced an antioxidative defense mechanism to maintain homeostasis between commensal bacteria and the jejunal immune system. Our bovine model indicates direct effects of heat stress on the jejunum of mammals already at moderately elevated ambient temperature. These results need to be considered when developing concepts to combat the negative consequences of heat stress.

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