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Malonylation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 Promotes Hepatic Steatosis and Is Attenuated by Ketogenic Diet in NAFLD

ABSTRACT: Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in important bioactive regulatory processes and therefore can help elucidate the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigate the involvement of PTMs in ketogenic diet (KD)-improved fatty liver by multi-omics and reveal a core target of lysine malonylation, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). ACC1 protein levels and Lys1523 malonylation are significantly decreased by KD. It is discovered that a malonylation-mimic mutant in ACC1 increases its enzyme activity and stability to promote hepatic steatosis, whereas the malonylation-null mutant upregulates the ubiquitination degradation of ACC1. A customized Lys1523ACC1 malonylation antibody confirms the increased malonylation of ACC1 in the NAFLD samples. Overall, the lysine malonylation of ACC1 is attenuated by KD in NAFLD and plays an important role in promoting hepatic steatosis. Malonylation is critical for ACC1 activity and stability, highlighting the anti-malonylation effect of ACC1 as a potential strategy for treating NAFLD.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE226139 | GEO | 2023/03/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Malonylation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 Promotes Hepatic Steatosis and Is Attenuated by Ketogenic Diet in NAFLD

Project description:Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in important bioactive regulatory processes and therefore can help elucidate the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigate the involvement of PTMs in ketogenic diet (KD)-improved fatty liver by multi-omics and reveal a core target of lysine malonylation, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). ACC1 protein levels and Lys1523 malonylation are significantly decreased by KD. It is discovered that a malonylation-mimic mutant in ACC1 increases its enzyme activity and stability to promote hepatic steatosis, whereas the malonylation-null mutant upregulates the ubiquitination degradation of ACC1. A customized Lys1523ACC1 malonylation antibody confirms the increased malonylation of ACC1 in the NAFLD samples. Overall, the lysine malonylation of ACC1 is attenuated by KD in NAFLD and plays an important role in promoting hepatic steatosis. Malonylation is critical for ACC1 activity and stability, highlighting the anti-malonylation effect of ACC1 as a potential strategy for treating NAFLD.

2023-07-21 | PXD040481 | Pride

Human fatty liver RT-PCR array on primary human hepatocytes grown with 3t3-J2 stromal cells in a micropatterned co-culture

Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent, progressive disorder and growing public health concern. To address this issue considerable research has been undertaken in pursuit of new NAFLD therapeutics. Development of effective, high-throughput in vitro models is an important aspect of drug discovery. Here, a micropatterned hepatocyte co-culture (MPCC) was used to model liver steatosis. The MPCC model (HEPATOPAC) involves hepatocytes and 3T3-J2 mouse stromal cells patterned onto a standard 96-well plate, increasing throughput and allowing the cultures to be handled and imaged like 2D cultures. These studies employed high content imaging (HCI) analysis to assess lipid content in cultures. HCI analysis of lipid accumulation allows large numbers of samples to be imaged and analyzed in a relatively short period of time compared to manual acquisition and analysis methods. Treatment of MPCC with free fatty acids (FFA), high glucose and fructose (HGF), or a combination o f both induces hepatic steatosis. MPCC treatment with ACC1/ACC2 inhibitors, as either a preventative or reversal agent showed efficacy against FFA induced hepatic steatosis. Drug induced steatosis was also evaluated. Treatment with valproic acid showed steatosis induction in a lean background, which was significantly potentiated in a fatty liver background. Additionally, these media treatments changed expression of fatty liver related genes. Treatment of MPCC with FFA, HGF, or a combination reversibly altered expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid transport. Together, these data demonstrate that MPCC is an easy to use, long-term functional in vitro model of NAFLD having utility for compound screening, drug toxicity evaluation, and assessment of gene expression changes.

2023-09-22 | GSE240886 | GEO

Mitochondrial ACSS1-K-635 acetylation mimic knock-in mice exhibit altered lipid metabolism, hepatic cell senescence, and acute non-alcoholic fatty liver [2ndSet_analysis]

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2020-05-26 | PXD013423 | Pride

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Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by reduced ATP synthesis. We applied the 2H2O-metabolic labeling approach to test the hypothesis that the reduced stability of oxidative phosphorylation proteins contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in a diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD. A high fat diet containing cholesterol (a so-called Western diet (WD)) led to hepatic oxidative stress, steatosis, inflammation and mild fibrosis, all markers of NAFLD, in LDLR-/- mice. In addition, compared to controls, livers from NAFLD mice had reduced citrate synthase activity and ATP content, suggesting reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Proteome dynamics analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with reduced average half-lives of mitochondrial proteins in NAFLD mice (5.41±0.46 vs. 5.15±0.49 day, P<0.05). In particular, the WD reduced stability of oxidative phosphorylation subunits, including cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 of complex III (5.9 ± 0.1 vs 3.4 ± 0.8 day), ATP synthase subunit α (6.3±0.4 vs. 5.5±0.4 day) and ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1 of complex V (8.5±0.6 vs. 6.5±0.2 day) (P<0.05). These changes were associated with impaired complex III and F0F1-ATP synthase activities, suggesting that increased degradation of mitochondrial proteins contributed to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD mice. Autophagy, but not proteasomal degradation, contributed to increased clearance of hepatic mitochondrial proteins in NAFLD mice. In conclusion, the proteome dynamics approach suggests that alterations in mitochondrial proteome dynamics is involved in hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD.

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Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. Although genetic predisposition and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of NAFLD, our understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of the disease is still emerging. Here we investigated a possible role of a microRNAs-STAT3 pathway in the induction of hepatic steatosis. Differentiated HepaRG cells (dHepaRG) treated with the fatty acid sodium oleate recapitulated features of liver vesicular steatosis and activated a cell-autonomous inflammatory response, inducing STAT3-Tyrosine-phosphorylation. With a genome-wide approach (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing), many phospho-STAT3 binding sites were identified in fatty dHepaRG and several STAT3 and/or NAFLD-regulated microRNAs showed increased expression levels, including miR-21. Innovative CARS (Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering) microscopy revealed that chemical inhibition of STAT3 activity decreased lipid accumulation and deregulated STAT3-responsive microRNAs, including miR-21, in lipid overloaded dHepaRG cells. We were able to show in vivo that reducing phospho-STAT3-miR-21 levels in C57/BL6 mice liver, by long-term treatment with metformin, protected mice from aging dependent hepatic vesicular steatosis. Our results identified a microRNAs-phosphoSTAT3 pathway involved in the development of hepatic steatosis, which may represent a molecular marker for both diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.

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Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or hepatic steatosis, has become one of the most common pathologies among liver-related disorders. The rapid accumulation of fat in this organ, and the consequent increment in oxidative stress levels, have been recognized as one of the main factors involved in the pathological mechanism underlying hepatic steatosis, and progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Experimental and epidemiological data have shown how antioxidant compounds rich in phenolic groups, such as resveratrol and quercetin, are particular efficient in contrasting the onset of this pathology. In this work, an in vitro model of NAFLD was established based on oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Steatotic cells were treated with polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs), biocompatible polymeric nanostructures rich in phenolic groups with high antioxidant power. PDNP treatment has shown to be effective in counteracting the hallmarks characterizing hepatic steatosis, and a reduction in the accumulation of lipids has been observed. Further analyses also showed a significant reduction in triglyceride and cholesterol levels, jointly to reduced levels of oxidative stress. Altogether, collected findings suggest PDNPs to be a promising pharmaceutical candidate for the prevention and treatment of hepatic steatosis.

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