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Mechanism of CyPA in regulating the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis

ABSTRACT: Background: We investigated the effect of PPIA overexpression on downstream gene expression at the cellular level. Methods: The PPIA gene was overexpressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Then, transcriptome sequencing was performed. The differentially expressed genes and genes with alternative splicing were screened. GO and KEGG analyses were performed. Nine differentially expressed genes and 7 genes with alternative splicing were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: After PPIA overexpression, 328 genes were differentially expressed, including 157 up-regulated genes and 171 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment analysis of up-regulated genes found that the enriched GO terms included extracellular region, protein binding and metal ion binding, etc. For down-regulated genes, the enriched GO terms included neuron projection, protein binding, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, etc. KEGG showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in gastric acid secretion, AMPK signaling pathway, etc; and, the down-regulated genes were enriched in transcriptional misregulation in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, etc. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), PPP1R15A (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A protein phosphate 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A), GADD45B (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45B), SGK1 (serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1), DDIT3 (Recombinant DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3), PMAIP1 (Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Protein 1), SULF1 (Sulfatase 1), GDF6 (Growth Differentiation Factor 6), and XBP1 (X-Box Binding Protein 1) obtained consistent results with the sequencing results. On the other hand, multiple genes with alternative splicing were identified and analyzed with KEGG and GO. Real-time quantitative PCR validation showed that the probability of alternative splicing in LHPP, APH1A, BRD1, and ORAI3 was increased. However, the changes of NFX1, SERGEF, and PCBP4 were inconsistent with the sequencing results. Conclusion: The overexpression of PPIA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells causes changes in the expression of downstream genes, and induces alternative splicing in multiple genes. PPIA may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis by regulating the expression of downstream genes and causing endothelial cell dysfunction.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE227860 | GEO | 2023/04/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Alternative splicing (AS) is particularly relevant to cancer progression and apoptosis. Although previous studies have shown that the apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APEX1) is involved in tumor progression, it is unclear whether APEX1 can regulate AS on cell proliferation and apoptosis of Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed a comprehensive analysis of the APEX1 expression in 517 lung NSCLC samples from the TCGA (Cancer Genome Atlas) database, and selected two sets of cancer samples with differentially expression APEX1 to analyze potential APEX1-regulated alternative splicing events (ASEs). Functional analysis of the APEX1 in A549 cells were performed in vitro. The APEX1 was overexpression in A549 cell by gene transfection. We identified AS targets regulated by APEX1, analyzed the GO biological process and KEGG functional pathways, and validated APEX1-regulated ASEs detected by RNA-seq and RT-PCR in A549 cells, then in clinical NSCLC samples these results were verified. The expression of the APEX1 was up-regulated in NSCLC samples, and overexpression of the APEX1 resulted in cell proliferation reduction and apoptosis induction. AS of many genes regulated by the APEX1 were enrich in cancer-related functional pathways. Results from A549 cell model and clinical samples showed that the MAPK signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway were shared among the top ten enriched GO processes and KEGG functional pathways. According to our research, the validated AS events regulated by APEX1 mostly located in genes encoding transcription regulation factor in various signaling pathways, including the AXIN1 (axis inhibition protein 1), GCNT2 (N-acetyl glucosaminyl transferase 2), SMAD3 (SMAD Family Member 3), CTBP2 (C-Terminal Binding Protein 2). In this study, we successfully applied RNA-seq technology to demonstrate APEX1 regulation of AS. Our results underline that APEX1 was efficiently up-regulated in NSCLC samples, while overexpression of the APEX1 in A549 cells resulted in proliferation reduction and apoptosis induction. We confirm that the APEX1 regulates the AS of many genes which involved in cancer proliferation and apoptosis functional pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway and the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to mediate lung cancer progression. We found that high expression of the APEX1 in NSCLC is an independent prognostic factor related to tumor progression. Therefore, the APEX1 can serve as a molecular marker or therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.

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Mechanism of CyPA in regulating the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis

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