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Induction of leaf curling in cassava plants by the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

ABSTRACT: Certain phytophagous insects can induce leaf curling in their host plants that may provide protected and nutrient-rich habitats. However, the mechanisms of this induction remain poorly understood. The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of the cassava and causes leaf curling. To reveal the mechanisms of leaf-curl induction, we first inoculated varying numbers of mealybugs in different locations, namely, the apical meristem and the stem, on cassava seedlings. Second, we performed transcriptome analysis using the total RNA extracted from leaves. The results showed that a single insect was able to induce leaf curling, but the intensity and frequency of the leaf curling were positively correlated with the number of insects. Furthermore, the leaf curling occurred when the mealybugs fed on or close to the apical meristem but not when they fed on the stem. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 3,931 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from intact plants and the plants inoculated with mealybugs at different time points. GO analysis of the biological processes revealed that the DEGs contained a series of factors for leaf development of the adaxial–abaxial axis, and auxin biosynthesis and polarity. This suggests that alterations in these functions may cause leaf curling.

ORGANISM(S): Manihot esculenta

PROVIDER: GSE234712 | GEO | 2023/06/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:External application of acetic acid has been recently reported to enhance the survival to drought in plants such as Arabidopsis, rapeseed, maize, rice and wheat, but the effects of acetic acid application on increased drought tolerance in woody plants such as a tropical crop “cassava” remain elusive. A molecular understanding of acetic acid-induced drought avoidance in cassava will contribute to the development of technology that can be used to enhance drought tolerance without resorting to transgenic technology or advancements in cassava cultivation. In the present study, morphological, physiological and molecular responses to drought were analyzed in cassava after the treatment with acetic acid. Results indicated that the acetic acid-treated cassava plants had a higher level of drought avoidance than water-treated, control plants. Specifically, higher leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were observed as soils dried out during the drought treatment. Leaf temperatures in acetic acid-treated cassava plants were higher relative to leaves on plants pretreated with water and the increase of ABA content was observed in leaves of acetic acid-treated plants, suggesting that stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate in leaves of acetic acid-treated plants decreased to maintain relative water contents and avoid drought. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the acetic acid treatment increased the expression of ABA signaling-related genes, such as OPEN STOMATA 1　(OST1) and protein phosphatase 2C; as well as drought response and tolerance-related genes, such as outer membrane tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO), and heat shock proteins. Collectively, the external application of acetic acid enhances drought avoidance in cassava through the upregulation of ABA signaling pathway genes and several stress response- and tolerance-related genes. These data support the idea that adjustments of the acetic acid application to plants is useful to enhance drought tolerance in order to minimize the growth inhibition in the agricultural field.

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Induction of leaf curling in cassava plants by the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

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