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Spliceosomal complex components are critical for the adjusting the C:N balance during high-light acclimation

ABSTRACT: Plant acclimation to an ever-changing environment is decisive for growth, reproduction and survival. Light availability, as one crucial factor for plant growth, limits biomass production on both ends of the intensity spectrum, and a sophisticated light acclimation response evolved to counteract drawbacks from low and high light (HL) intensities in nature. Among others, adjustment of plant metabolism is central to HL acclimation and accumulation of photoprotective and antioxidative anthocyanins is commonly observed. Despite a good understanding of the biosynthesis, mechanisms and factors regulating anthocyanin accumulation and the associated HL acclimation response are less clear. Two Arabidopsis mutants of spliceosomal complex components exhibiting a pronounced anthocyanin overaccumulation in HL were isolated from a forward genetic screen aiming to isolate new factors crucial for plant acclimation. Time-resolved physiological, transcriptome and metabolome analysis within the first hours of HL exposure revealed a vital function of the spliceosomal complex components for rapidly adjusting gene expression and metabolism. More precisely, deficiency of INCREASED LEVEL OF POLPLOIDY1 (ILP1), its interaction partner NTC-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (NTR1), and PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1 (PRL1) resulted in a marked overaccumulation of carbohydrates and regulatory sugar phosphates and strongly diminished amino acid biosynthesis, one major sink for carbon blocks and nitrogen in HL. However, ilp1, ntr1 and prl1 mutants, which showed symptoms of nitrogen deficiency, were not affected in N assimilation but showed a limitation in the consumption of glutamate as the primary amino group donor for stimulated amino acid biosynthesis in HL. The comprehensive analysis revealed a critical function of the spliceosome in the conditional regulation of the C:N balance and the accumulation of protective compounds during HL acclimation. The importance of gene expression, metabolic regulation, and re-direction of carbon towards anthocyanin biosynthesis for HL acclimation is discussed.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE236872 | GEO | 2024/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Light conditions significantly influence grape berry ripening and the accumulation of phenolic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis remains partially understood. Here, we applied integrated transcriptomics and pathway-level metabolomics analyses to investigate the effect of cluster bagging during various developmental stages on phenolic metabolism in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Bagging treatments had limited effects on berry quality attributes at harvest and did not consistently affect phenolic acid biosynthesis between seasons. Significantly elevated flavan-3-ol and flavonol contents were detected in re-exposed berries after bagging during early-developmental stages, while bagging after véraison markedly inhibited skin anthocyanin accumulation. Several anthocyanin derivatives and flavonol glycosides were identified as marker phenolic metabolites for distinguishing bagged and non-bagged grapes. Coordinated transcriptional changes in the light signaling components CRY2 and HY5/HYHs, transcription regulator MYBA1, and enzymes LAR, ANR, UFGT and FLS4, coincided well with light-responsive biosynthesis of the corresponding flavonoids. The activation of multiple hormone signaling pathways after both light exclusion and re-exposure treatments was inconsistent with the changes in phenolic accumulation, indicating a limited role of plant hormones in mediating light/darkness-regulated phenolic biosynthesis processes. Furthermore, gene-gene and gene-metabolite network analyses discovered that the light-responsive expression of genes encoding bHLH, MYB, WRKY, NAC, and MADS-box transcription factors, and proteins involved in genetic information processing and epigenetic regulation such as nucleosome assembly and histone acetylation, showed a high positive correlation with grape berry phenolic accumulation in response to different light regimes. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of berry phenolic biosynthesis under light/darkness and practical guidance for improving grape features.

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Spliceosomal complex components are critical for the adjusting the C:N balance during high-light acclimation

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