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RNA sequencing of sperm from healthy cattle and horses reveals the presence of a large bacterial population

ABSTRACT: RNA molecules within ejaculated sperm can be characterized through whole transcriptome sequencing, enabling the identification of pivotal transcripts that may influence reproductive success. However, the profiling of sperm transcriptomes through next-generation sequencing has several limitations impairing the identification of functional transcripts. In this study, we explored the nature of the RNA sequences present in the sperm transcriptome of two livestock species, cattle and horses using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Low mapping rates observed during data processing were mainly attributed to the presence of ribosomal RNA and bacteria in sperm samples which led to a reduced sequencing depth or library size. To explore the possibility that unmapped reads could be associated with bacteria, we then identified bacteria-associated transcripts within RNA-Seq data derived from bovine and equine sperm cell preparations. This analysis revealed bacterial species that may closely interact with sperm and potentially influence male fertility. Identifying these potentially pathogenic or beneficial species and understanding how they may affect sperm quality in each species could be paramount to assess the breeding capacity of livestock.

ORGANISM(S): Equus caballus Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE249884 | GEO | 2024/09/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The domestic goat, Capra hircus (2n=60), is one of the most important domestic livestock species in the world. Here we report its high quality reference genome generated by combining Illumina short reads sequencing and a new automated and high throughput whole genome mapping system based on the optical mapping technology which was used to generate extremely long super-scaffolds. The N50 size of contigs, scaffolds, and super-scaffolds for the sequence assembly reported herein are 18.7 kb, 3.06 Mb, and 18.2 Mb, respectively. Almost 95% of the supper-scaffolds are anchored on chromosomes based on conserved syntenic information with cattle. The assembly is strongly supported by the RH map of goat chromosome 1. We annotated 22,175 protein-coding genes, most of which are recovered by RNA-seq data of ten tissues. Rapidly evolving genes and gene families are enriched in metabolism and immune systems, consistent with the fact that the goat is one of the most adaptable and geographically widespread livestock species. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the primary and secondary follicles of a cashmere goat revealed 51 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the two types of hair follicles. This study not only provides a high quality reference genome for an important livestock species, but also shows that the new automated optical mapping technology can be used in a de novo assembly of large genomes. Corresponding whole genome sequencing is available in NCBI BioProject PRJNA158393. We have sequenced a 3-year-old female Yunnan black goat and constructed a reference sequence for this breed. In order to improve quality of gene models, RNA samples of ten tissues (Bladder, Brain, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lung, Lymph, Muscle, Ovarian, Spleen) were extracted from the same goat which was sequenced. To investigate the genic basis underlying the development of cashmere fibers using the goat reference genome assembly and annotated genes, we extracted RNA samples of primary hair follicle and secondary hair follicle from three Inner Mongolia cashmere goats and conducted transcriptome sequencing and DGE analysis. This submission represents RNA-Seq component of study.

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RNA sequencing of sperm from healthy cattle and horses reveals the presence of a large bacterial population

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