The role of adipocyte lipolysis during dermal fibrosis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE256411 | GEO | 2024/06/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Mature adipocytes store fatty acids and are a common component of tissue stroma. Adipocyte function in regulating bone marrow, skin, muscle, and mammary gland biology is emerging, but the role of adipocyte-derived lipids in tissue homeostasis and repair is poorly understood. Here, we identify an essential role for adipocyte lipolysis in regulating inflammation and repair after injury in skin. Genetic mouse studies revealed that dermal adipocytes are necessary to initiate inflammation after injury and promote subsequent repair. We find through histological, ultrastructural, lipidomic, and genetic experiments in mice that adipocytes adjacent to skin injury initiate lipid release necessary for macrophage inflammation. Tamoxifen-inducible genetic lineage tracing of mature adipocytes and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that dermal adipocytes alter their fate and generate ECM-producing myofibroblasts within wounds. Thus, adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes.
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Project description:Adaptation to acidosis has been reported to induce a shift towards fatty acid metabolism. We observed that conditioned medium of HCT, FaDu and SiHa adapted to acidosis (pH6.5) induced higher lipolysis of primary subcutaneous and mesenteric adipocytes compared to cancer cells maintained at pH7.4. In order to identify the prolipolytic factors induced by acidosis, we examined the differences between cancer cells adapted to pH6.5 and those maintained at pH7.4 by RNA sequencing. Cancer cells adapted to pH6.5 showed profound alterations in their gene expression compared with cancer cells maintained at pH7.4. Here, we focused on predicted secreted genes. We determined that 84 altered genes predicted to be secreted proteins overlapped between the 3 cancer cell lines, 24 of which were overexpressed. The role of these overexpressed genes was determined in vitro. We studied their role in inducing adipocyte lipolysis and in the depletion of adipose tissue observed in cancer cachexia.
2024-04-05 | GSE253054 | GEO
Project description:β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. Here we have used pharmacological inhibitors and a novel direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. We show that induction of lipolysis leads to acute induction of several gene programs and is required for transcriptional regulation by β-adrenergic signals. Using machine-learning algorithms to infer causal transcription factors, we show that PPARs are key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Importantly, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs. Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on brown adipocyte transcription and function.
2022-05-15 | GSE202833 | GEO
Project description:β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. Here we have used pharmacological inhibitors and a novel direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. We show that induction of lipolysis leads to acute induction of several gene programs and is required for transcriptional regulation by β-adrenergic signals. Using machine-learning algorithms to infer causal transcription factors, we show that PPARs are key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Importantly, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs. Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on brown adipocyte transcription and function.
2022-05-21 | GSE203247 | GEO
Project description:β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. Here we have used pharmacological inhibitors and a novel direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. We show that induction of lipolysis leads to acute induction of several gene programs and is required for transcriptional regulation by β-adrenergic signals. Using machine-learning algorithms to infer causal transcription factors, we show that PPARs are key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Importantly, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs. Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on brown adipocyte transcription and function.
2022-05-15 | GSE202834 | GEO
Project description:β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. Here we have used pharmacological inhibitors and a novel direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. We show that induction of lipolysis leads to acute induction of several gene programs and is required for transcriptional regulation by β-adrenergic signals. Using machine-learning algorithms to infer causal transcription factors, we show that PPARs are key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Importantly, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs. Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on brown adipocyte transcription and function.
2022-06-03 | GSE205127 | GEO
Project description:As cows progress from pregnancy to lactation, the adipose tissues (AT) undergo adaptations characterized by the mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) through lipolysis to address energy deficiencies. Typically, in clinically healthy cows, the intensity of lipolysis decreases during lactation. However, when the release of FFA surpasses tissue requirements, it leads to the accumulation of lipid-derived products, heightening the susceptibility of cows to metabolic and infectious diseases. A second factor correlated to disease incidence in dairy cows is the presence of bacterial endotoxins in blood. The last is implicated in AT lipolysis and dysfunction in mammals. However, the mechanisms by which endotoxin activates lipolysis and affects the formation of lipid derived products in bovine adipocyte remains unknown. We hypothesize that endotoxin triggers AT dysfunction by increasing the synthesis and release of lipid-derived products with proinflammatory potential. Preadipocytes were obtained from subcutaneous AT of multiparous Holstein cows (n=9). Adipogenesis was induced for 7 d and cells were incubated with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide 1µg/mL (LPS)] for up to 7 h. Beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 1 µM) was used as an activator of canonical lipolysis. The antilipolytic effect of insulin was evaluated alone or in combination with LPS. Lipolysis was evaluated by the release of glycerol in the media. RNA from adipocytes was sequenced in Illumina NextSeqData, and Differential Expressed Genes (DEG) identified. Enrichment and network analyses were performed in Ingenuity Pathways (IPA). Our findings provide evidence supporting the higher abundance of lipid-derived products with proinflammatory activity and dysfunction related to inflammatory activation.
2024-05-20 | GSE267141 | GEO
Project description:ObjectivesLipolysis, hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids in adipocytes, is tightly regulated, poorly understood, and, if perturbed, can lead to metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study was to identify the genetic regulators of lipolysis and elucidate their molecular mechanisms.MethodsAdipocytes from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were isolated and were incubated without (spontaneous lipolysis) or with a catecholamine (stimulated lipolysis) to analyze lipolysis. DNA was extracted and genome-wide genotyping and imputation conducted. After quality control, 939 samples with genetic and lipolysis data were available. Genome-wide association studies of spontaneous and stimulated lipolysis were conducted. Subsequent in vitro gene expression analyses were used to identify candidate genes and explore their regulation of adipose tissue biology.ResultsOne locus on chromosome 19 demonstrated genome-wide significance with spontaneous lipolysis. 60 loci showed suggestive associations with spontaneous or stimulated lipolysis, of which many influenced both traits. In the chromosome 19 locus, only HIF3A was expressed in the adipocytes and displayed genotype-dependent gene expression. HIF3A knockdown in vitro increased lipolysis and the expression of key lipolysis-regulating genes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we identified a genetic regulator of spontaneous lipolysis and provided evidence of HIF3A as a novel key regulator of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipocytes as the mechanism through which the locus influences adipose tissue biology.
| S-EPMC7021539 | biostudies-literature
Project description:β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. Here we have used pharmacological inhibitors and a novel direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. We show that induction of lipolysis leads to acute induction of several gene programs and is required for transcriptional regulation by β-adrenergic signals. Using machine-learning algorithms to infer causal transcription factors, we show that PPARs are key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Importantly, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs. Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on brown adipocyte transcription and function.
2022-06-03 | GSE205134 | GEO
Project description:β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. Here we have used pharmacological inhibitors and a novel direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. We show that induction of lipolysis leads to acute induction of several gene programs and is required for transcriptional regulation by β-adrenergic signals. Using machine-learning algorithms to infer causal transcription factors, we show that PPARs are key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. Importantly, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs. Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on brown adipocyte transcription and function.
2022-06-03 | GSE205174 | GEO