Early N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid transcriptional profile
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
PROVIDER: GSE263276 | GEO | 2024/08/16
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Leaf-to-leaf, systemic immune signaling known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is poorly understood in monocotyledonous plants. Here, we characterize systemic immunity in barley (Hordeum vulgare) triggered after primary leaf infection with either Pseudomonas syringae pathovar japonica (Psj) or Xanthomonas translucens pathovar cerealis (Xtc). Both pathogens induced resistance in systemic, uninfected leaves against a subsequent challenge infection with Xtc. In contrast to SAR in Arabidopsis thaliana, systemic immunity in barley was not associated with NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 or the local or systemic accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Instead, we documented a moderate local but not systemic induction of abscisic acid (ABA) after infection of leaves with Psj. In contrast to SA or its functional analog benzothiadiazole, local applications of the jasmonic acid methyl ester or ABA triggered systemic immunity to Xtc. RNA-seq analysis of local and systemic transcript accumulation revealed unique gene expression changes in response to both Psj and Xtc and a clear separation of local from systemic responses. The systemic response appeared relatively modest and quantitative RT-PCR associated systemic immunity with the local and systemic induction of two WRKY and two ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR-like transcription factors. Systemic immunity against Xtc was further associated with transcriptional changes after a secondary/systemic Xtc challenge infection; these changes were dependent on the primary treatment. Taken together, bacteria-induced systemic immunity in barley may be mediated in part by WRKY and ERF-like transcription factors possibly facilitating transcriptional reprogramming to potentiate immunity.
2014-11-24 | E-MTAB-3056 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Leaf-to-leaf, systemic immune signaling known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is poorly understood in monocotyledonous plants. Here, we characterize systemic immunity in barley (Hordeum vulgare) triggered after primary leaf infection with either Pseudomonas syringae pathovar japonica (Psj) or Xanthomonas translucens pathovar cerealis (Xtc). Both pathogens induced resistance in systemic, uninfected leaves against a subsequent challenge infection with Xtc. In contrast to SAR in Arabidopsis thaliana, systemic immunity in barley was not associated with NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 or the local or systemic accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Instead, we documented a moderate local but not systemic induction of abscisic acid (ABA) after infection of leaves with Psj. In contrast to SA or its functional analog benzothiadiazole, local applications of the jasmonic acid methyl ester or ABA triggered systemic immunity to Xtc. RNA-seq analysis of local and systemic transcript accumulation revealed unique gene expression changes in response to both Psj and Xtc and a clear separation of local from systemic responses. The systemic response appeared relatively modest and quantitative RT-PCR associated systemic immunity with the local and systemic induction of two WRKY and two ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR-like transcription factors. Systemic immunity against Xtc was further associated with transcriptional changes after a secondary/systemic Xtc challenge infection; these changes were dependent on the primary treatment. Taken together, bacteria-induced systemic immunity in barley may be mediated in part by WRKY and ERF-like transcription factors possibly facilitating transcriptional reprogramming to potentiate immunity.
2014-11-24 | E-MTAB-3063 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the resistance increase observed after biological systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction in plants can be mimicked by exogenous plant treatment with N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP, Hartmann et al., 2018, Schnake et al., 2020). Moreover, exogenous application of the NHP biosynthetic precursor pipecolic acid (Pip) induced a transcriptional response that was overlapping with the SAR transcriptional response and fully depended on the NHP synthase FMO1 (Hartmann et al., 2018; E-MTAB-6243). In order to investigate whether elevations of NHP lead to a SAR-like transcriptional reprogramming, we supplied individual Arabidopsis wildtype Col-0 plants, as well as sid2-1 and npr1-3 mutant plants, with doses of 10 µmol NHP and determined the transcriptional response in leaves 24 hours later on the whole genome level by RNA-sequencing analyses in relation to control-treated (H2O) plants. Col-0 plants were additionally treated with doses of 10 µmol Pip in order to directly compare the transcriptional responses of the foliage between Pip and NHP. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were grown individually in pots containing a mixture of soil, vermiculite and sand (8:1:1) in a controlled cultivation chamber with a 10-h day (9 AM to 7 PM; photon flux density 100 mol m-2 s-1) / 14-h night cycle and a relative humidity of 70 %. Day and night temperatures were set to 21°C and 18°C, respectively. Experiments were performed with 5-week-old, naive plants exhibiting a uniform appearance. Treatments with NHP and Pip were essentially performed as detailed in Hartmann et al. (2018, Cell 173, 456–469). In brief, 10 ml of a 1 mM aqueous solution of NHP or Pip (equates to a dose of 10 µmol) were pipetted onto the soil of individually cultivated plants. 10 ml of water applied in the way served as control treatments. In total, three biologically independent, replicate experiments were performed. In each experiment, 18 full-grown leaves from 6 different plants were pooled 24 hours after the respective treatments for one biological replicate. In this way, 3 biologically independent, replicate samples per treatment and plant genotype were obtained.
2021-05-03 | E-MTAB-10230 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may play a role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a salicylic acid (SA)-associated, broad-spectrum immune response in systemic, healthy tissues of locally infected plants. Four-to-five-week-old plants were exposed for three days to a mixture of volatile pinenes to investigate genome-wide transcriptional responses relative to hexane-treated control plants.
2017-06-01 | E-MTAB-5475 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We investigated the relationships of the two immune-regulatory plant metabolites salicylic acid (SA) and pipecolic acid (Pip) in the establishment of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis thaliana induced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. To characterize the transcriptional SAR response, we used wild-type Col-0 plants, SA-deficient sid2 plants and Pip-deficient ald1 plants and performed RNA-sequencing analyses (Bernsdorff et al., Plant Cell, 2016). SAR establishment in the wild-type is characterized by a strong transcriptional response systemically induced in the foliage that prepares plants for future pathogen attack by pre-activating multiple stages of defense signaling. Whereas systemic Pip elevations are indispensable for SAR and necessary for virtually the whole transcriptional SAR response, a moderate but significant SA-independent component of SAR activation and SAR gene expression is revealed. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were grown individually in pots containing a mixture of soil, vermiculite and sand (8:1:1) in a controlled cultivation chamber with a 10-h day (9 AM to 7 PM; photon flux density 100 mol m-2 s-1) / 14-h night cycle and a relative humidity of 70 %. Day and night temperatures were set to 21C and 18C, respectively. Experiments were performed with 5- to 6-week-old, naive plants exhibiting a uniform appearance. To activate SAR, plants were infiltrated between 10 AM and 12 AM into three lower (1) leaves with suspensions of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (OD600 = 0.005). Infiltration with 10 mM MgCl2 served as the mock-control treatment. Upper (2) leaves were harvested 48 h after the primary treatment for the determination of systemic gene expression by RNA-seq analyses. Three biologically independent, replicate SAR induction experiments were performed with Col-0 and sid2 plants (experimental set 1), and three other biologically independent experiments with Col-0 and ald1 plants (experimental set 2). In each SAR experiment, at least 6 upper (2) leaves from 6 different plants pre-treated in 1 leaves with Psm (MgCl2) were pooled for one biological Psm- (mock-control) replicate. In this way, 3 biologically independent, replicate samples per treatment and plant genotype were obtained within each SAR set.
2015-12-27 | E-MTAB-4151 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting broad-spectrum plant defense mechanism that is induced by mobile signals generated in the primarily infected leaves. Although multiple mobile SAR signals have been proposed, how these signals are perceived in the systemic leaves is unknown. Here, we show that extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (eNAD(P)) accumulates in the systemic leaves and that both eNAD(P) and its receptor, the lectin receptor kinase (LecRK), LecRK-VI.2, are required in the systemic leaves for the establishment of SAR. Moreover, the mobile signal N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) induces de novo NAD(P) leakage in the systemic leaves through the respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOHF-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, NHP-induced systemic immunity depends on ROS, eNAD(P), and the eNAD(P) receptor complex LecRK-VI.2/ BAK1, indicating that NHP triggers SAR through the ROS-eNAD(P)-LecRK-VI.2/BAK1 signaling pathway. Our results uncovered a long-sought-after mechanism underlying the perception of mobile SAR signals in the systemic leaves
2023-10-02 | GSE225107 | GEO
Project description:The trade-off between growth and defense is a critical aspect of plant immunity. Therefore, the plant immune response needs to be tightly regulated. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone regulating defense against biotrophic pathogens. Recently, N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) was identified as anotherregulator for plant innate immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Although the biosynthetic pathway leading to NHP formation has already been identified, how NHP is further metabolized was unclear. Here, we present UGT76B1 as a UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase that modifies NHP by catalyzing the formation of 1-O-glucosyl-pipecolic acid (NHP-OGlc) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of T-DNA and CRISPR knock-out mutant lines of UGT76B1 by targeted and non-targeted UHPLC-HRMS underlined NHP and SA as endogenous substrates of this enzyme in response to Pseudomonas infection and UV treatment. ugt76b1 mutant plants have a dwarf phenotype and constitutive defense response which can be suppressed by loss of function of the NHP biosynthetic enzyme Flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 (FMO1). This suggests that elevated accumulation of NHP contributes to the enhanced disease resistance in ugt76b1. Externally applied NHP can move to distal tissue in ugt76b1 mutant plants. Although glycosylation is not required for the long-distance movement of NHP during systemic acquired resistance, it is crucial to balance growth and defense.
2022-02-28 | MTBLS2334 | MetaboLights
Project description:Rice Xa21 resistance gene, which encodes a protein with predicted leucine-rich repeat (LRR), transmembrane, juxtamembrane, and intracellular kinase domains, conferred immunity to diverse strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). We generated Xa21 plant on TP309 background (Oryza Sativa Japonica). Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in plants confers durable broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens and requires a phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA). Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 is a key regulator of the SAR response. Recently, we found that rice NPR1 homolog 1 (NH1) mediated enhanced resistance responses for Xoo (Chern et al., 2005b). We further investigated relating pathways in rice by identifying proteins that interact with NH1. One of them, constitutive over-expression of NH1 mediated negative regulator of resistance (NRR) gene caused enhanced susceptibility to Xoo , indicating that this gene product negatively affects to basal resistance response (Chern et al., 2005a). To dissect defense responses for rice bacterial blight pathogen, we planed microarray using two resistant mutant named with Xa21-TP309, NH1ox and one super-susceptible mutant (NRRox) before pathogen inoculation and one day post pathogen inoculation. Keywords: Biotic stress response
2011-02-28 | GSE22112 | GEO
Project description:Salicylic acid (SA) has long been implicated in plant responses to oxidative stress. A direct assessment of SA effects in planta has been difficult, as SA-overproducing Arabidopsis mutants are compromised in growth or other developmental processes. We now report that transgenic Populus expressing a bacterial bifunctional SA synthase accumulated two to three orders of magnitude more total SA than wild type without affecting growth. Microarray experiments were performed to gauge the transcriptional responses of young source leaves to SA manipulation and/or heat stress. Differentially expressed genes due to SA perturbation or temperature treatment were identified. Co-expression network analysis was performed to identify key driver genes in SA-modulated response.
2013-08-01 | GSE42511 | GEO
Project description:Neonicotinoid insecticides control crop pests based on their action as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor which accepts chloropyridinyl- and chlorothiazolyl- analogs almost equally well. In some cases, these compounds have also been reported to enhance plant vigor and (a)biotic stress tolerance, independent of their insecticidal function. However, this mode of action has not been specifically defined. Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that the neonicotinoid compounds, imidacloprid (IMI) and clothianidin (CLO), via their 6-chloropyridinyl-3-carboxylic acid and 2-chlorothiazolyl-5-carboxylic acid metabolites, respectively, induce salicylic acid (SA) – associated plant responses. SA is a phytohormone best known for its role in plant defense against pathogens and as an inducer of systemic acquired resistance; however, it can also modulate abiotic stress responses. These neonicotinoids effect a similar global transcriptional response to that of SA including genes involved in (a)biotic stress response. Furthermore, similar to SA, IMI and CLO induce systemic acquired resistance resulting in reduced growth of a powdery mildew pathogen. The action of CLO induces the endogenous synthesis of SA via the SA biosynthetic enzyme ICS1, with ICS1 required for CLO-induced accumulation of SA, expression of the SA marker PR1, and fully enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. In contrast, the action of IMI does not induce endogenous synthesis of SA. Instead, IMI is further bioactivated to 6-chloro-2-hydroxypyridinyl-3-carboxylic acid, which is shown here to be a potent inducer of PR1 and inhibitor of SA-sensitive enzymes. Thus, via different mechanisms, these chloropyridinyl- and chlorothiazolyl- neonicotinoids induce SA responses associated with enhanced stress tolerance.
2010-09-13 | GSE20188 | GEO