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Discovery, Validation and Mechanistic study of XPO1 inhibition in the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

ABSTRACT: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment options. This study investigates the potential of repurposing selinexor, an XPO1 inhibitor, as a novel therapeutic option for TNBC. By utilizing a computational drug repurposing approach, XPO1 inhibitors were identified to be preferentially sensitive in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes and its efficacy validated in an independent patient dataset and across various TNBC cell lines. Using RNA-sequencing after longitudinal XPO1 inhibition in a panel of TNBC cell lines and western blotting, we reveal that XPO1 inhibitor induces TNBC cell death by inhibiting the NF-kB pathway through nuclear retention of NFKBIA, a key regulator of this pathway. These findings suggest that XPO1 inhibitors could be an effective targeted therapy for TNBC and paves the way for more personalized treatment strategies offering hope for better outcomes in TNBC patients.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE278241 | GEO | 2024/12/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Majority of breast cancer specific deaths in women with ERα (+) tumor occur due to metastases that are resistant to endocrine therapy. There is a critical need for novel therapeutic approaches to resensitize recurrent ERα (+) tumors to endocrine therapies. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of improved effectiveness of combined targeting of ERα and XPO1, a nuclear transport protein in overcoming endocrine resistance. Selinexor (SXR), an XPO1 antagonist, has been evaluated in multiple later stage clinical trials in patients with relapsed and /or refractory hematological and solid tumor malignancies. Using human phosphokinase array to profile kinase signaling pathways, we found that 4-OH Tamoxifen, SXR or their combination induced differential Akt phosphorylation profiles, changing the phosphorylation status and activity of the kinase. Also, our RNA sequencing data indicated that 4-OH Tamoxifen+SXR combination treatment causes gene expression changes distinct from 4-OH Tamoxifen and SXR treatments alone in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines. Since we observed dramatic changes in Akt activity and we saw a differential gene expression pattern with individual and combined 4-OH Tamoxifen and SXR treatments, we hypothesized that metabolic profile of breast cancer cells would change in the presence of 4-OH Tamoxifen and SXR. Using Seahorse metabolic profiler and cell viability experiments in limited media conditions, we showed that tamoxifen resistant cells were more dependent on mitochondria for energy production. Their glucose and fatty acid dependency decreased in the presence of SXR and cells were more dependent on glutamine as the mitochondrial fuel source. We demonstrated that combined targeting of XPO1 and ERα rewires metabolic pathways and shuts down both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways that would eventually lead to autophagy. Remodelling metabolic pathways to regenerate new vulnerabilities in endocrine resistant breast tumors is novel, and given the need for better strategies for improving therapy response of relapsed ERα (+) tumors, our findings show great promise for uncovering the role of ERα-XPO1 crosstalk plays in reducing cancer recurrences.

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Discovery, Validation and Mechanistic study of XPO1 inhibition in the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

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