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Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in embryonic stem cells

ABSTRACT: 5hmC and TET proteins have been implicated in stem cell biology and cancer, but information on the genome-wide distribution of 5hmC is limited. Here we describe two novel and specific approaches to profile the genomic localisation of 5hmC. The first approach, termed GLIB (GLucosylation, perIodate oxidation, Biotinylation) uses a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps to isolate DNA fragments containing as few as a single 5hmC. The second approach involves conversion of 5hmC to cytosine 5-methylenesulphonate (CMS) by treatment of genomic DNA with sodium bisulphite, followed by immunoprecipitation of CMS-containing DNA with a specific antiserum to CMS. High-throughput sequencing of 5hmC-containing DNA from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells showed strong enrichment within exons and near transcriptional start sites (TSS). 5hmC was especially enriched at the start sites of genes whose promoters bear dual histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) marks. Our results indicate that 5hmC has a likely role in transcriptional regulation, and suggest a model in which 5hmC contributes to the “poised” chromatin signature found at developmentally-regulated genes in ES cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE28682 | GEO | 2011/04/21

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA138941

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in embryonic stem cells

Project description:5hmC and TET proteins have been implicated in stem cell biology and cancer, but information on the genome-wide distribution of 5hmC is limited. Here we describe two novel and specific approaches to profile the genomic localisation of 5hmC. The first approach, termed GLIB (GLucosylation, perIodate oxidation, Biotinylation) uses a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps to isolate DNA fragments containing as few as a single 5hmC. The second approach involves conversion of 5hmC to cytosine 5-methylenesulphonate (CMS) by treatment of genomic DNA with sodium bisulphite, followed by immunoprecipitation of CMS-containing DNA with a specific antiserum to CMS. High-throughput sequencing of 5hmC-containing DNA from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells showed strong enrichment within exons and near transcriptional start sites (TSS). 5hmC was especially enriched at the start sites of genes whose promoters bear dual histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) marks. Our results indicate that 5hmC has a likely role in transcriptional regulation, and suggest a model in which 5hmC contributes to the M-bM-^@M-^\poisedM-bM-^@M-^] chromatin signature found at developmentally-regulated genes in ES cells. Mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in ES cells by GLIB and anti-CMS methodologies

2011-04-21 | E-GEOD-28682 | biostudies-arrayexpress

H4K20me3 co-localizes with activating histone modifications at transcriptionally dynamic regions in embryonic stem cells

Project description:Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. However, it is unknown whether another repressive histone modification, histone 4 lysine 20 trimethylation (H4K20me3), co-localizes with activating histone marks in ES cells. Here, we describe the previously uncharacterized coupling of the repressive H4K20me3 heterochromatin mark with the activating histone modifications H3K4me3 and histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), and transcriptional machinery (RNA polymerase II; RNAPII), in ES cells. These newly described bivalent domains consisting of H3K4me3/H4K20me3 are predominantly located in intergenic regions and near transcriptional start sites of active genes, while H3K36me3/H4K20me3 are located in intergenic regions and within gene body regions of active genes. Global sequential ChIP, also termed reChIP-Seq, confirmed the simultaneous presence of H3K4me3 and H4K20me3 at the same genomic regions in ES cells. Genes containing H3K4me3/H4K20me3 exhibit decreased RNAPII pausing and are poised for deactivation of RNAPII binding during differentiation relative to H3K4me3 marked genes. An evaluation of transcription factor (TF) binding motif enrichment revealed that DNA sequence may play a role in shaping the landscape of these novel bivalent domains. Moreover, H3K4me3/H4K20me3 and H3K36me3/H4K20me3 bound regions are enriched with repetitive LINE and LTR elements.

2018-06-18 | GSE115907 | GEO

Rest recruits neuronal Tet3 to induce chromatin remodeling and gene expression

Project description:Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) hydroxylases (Tet1-3) oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). In neurons increased 5hmC levels within gene bodies correlate positively with gene expression. The mechanisms controlling Tet activity and 5hmC levels are poorly understood. In particular, it is not known how the neuronal Tet3 isoform lacking a DNA binding domain is targeted to the DNA. To identify factors binding to Tet3 we screened for proteins that co-precipitate with Tet3 from mouse retina and identified the transcriptional repressor Rest as a highly enriched Tet3-specific interactor. Rest was able to enhance Tet3 hydroxylase activity after co-expression and overexpression of Tet3 activated transcription of Rest-target genes. Moreover, we found that Tet3 also interacts with Nsd3 and two other H3K36 methyltransferases and is able to induce H3K36 trimethylation. We propose a mechanism for transcriptional activation in neurons that involves Rest-guided targeting of Tet3 to the DNA for directed 5hmC-generation and Nsd3-mediated H3K36 trimethylation.

2015-04-02 | PXD001857 | Pride

Single-cell 5hmC sequencing reveals chromosome-wide cell-to-cell variability and enables lineage reconstruction

Project description:The epigenetic DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) has crucial roles in development and gene regulation. Quantifying the abundance of this epigenetic mark at the single-cell level could enable us to understand its roles. We present a single-cell, genome-wide and strand-specific 5hmC sequencing technology based on 5hmC glucosylation and glucosylation-dependent digestion of DNA, that reveals pronounced cell-to-cell variability in the abundance of 5hmC on the two DNA strands of a given chromosome. We develop a mathematical model that reproduces the strand bias and use this model to make two main predictions. First, the variation in strand bias should decrease when 5hmC turnover increases. Second, the strand bias of two sister cells should be strongly anti-correlated. We validate these predictions experimentally, and use our model to reconstruct lineages of 2- and 4-cell mouse embryos, showing that single-cell 5hmC sequencing can be used as a lineage reconstruction tool.

2016-05-03 | GSE80973 | GEO

Large conserved domains of low DNA methylation maintained by 5-hydroxymethycytosine and Dnmt3a (CMS bisulfite-seq)

Project description:Gains and losses in DNA methylation are prominent genomic features of all mammalian cell types. To gain insight into mechanisms that could promote shifts in DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmc) patterns and thus contribute to cell fate, including malignant transformation, we performed genome-wide mapping of 5hmc in purified wild type and Dnmt3a conditional knockout hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using cytosine-5-methylenesulphonate sequencing (CMS-seq). Comparing anti-CMS pulldown to input control, we identified 107,549 and 175,682 peaks of 5hmc enrichment in control and Dnmt3a knockout HSCs, respectively. Whole genome CMS-enriched bisulfite sequencing of secondarily-transplanted wild-type and Dnmt3a conditional knockout hematopoietic stem cells using Illumina HiSeq 2000

2014-01-22 | E-GEOD-53742 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in pluripotent and lineage-committed cells

Project description:Genome-wide maps of chromatin state (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, H4K20me3) in pluripotent and lineage-committed cells We report the application of single-molecule-based sequencing technology for high-throughput profiling of histone modifications in mammalian cells. By obtaining over four billion bases of sequence from chromatin immunoprecipitated DNA, we generated genome-wide chromatin-state maps of mouse embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells and embryonic fibroblasts. We find that lysine 4 and lysine 27 trimethylation effectively discriminates genes that are expressed, poised for expression, or stably repressed, and therefore reflect cell state and lineage potential. Lysine 36 trimethylation marks primary coding and non-coding transcripts, facilitating gene annotation. Trimethylation of lysine 9 and lysine 20 is detected at satellite, telomeric and active long-terminal repeats, and can spread into proximal unique sequences. Lysine 4 and lysine 9 trimethylation marks imprinting control regions. Finally, we show that chromatin state can be read in an allele-specific manner by using single nucleotide polymorphisms. This study provides a framework for the application of comprehensive chromatin profiling towards characterization of diverse mammalian cell populations. Histone H3 or H4 tri-methylation ChIP-Seq in singlicate from murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, ES-derived neural precursor cells, and embryonic fibroblasts.

2008-07-24 | E-GEOD-12241 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Modified cytosine binding proteins

Project description:DNA methylation (5mC) plays important roles in epigenetic regulation of genome function, and recently the TET1-3 hydroxylases have been found to oxidize 5mC to hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), formylcytosine (5fC), and carboxylcytosine (5caC) in DNA. These derivatives have a role in demethylation of DNA but in addition may have epigenetic signaling functions in their own right. A recent study identified proteins with preferential binding to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidized forms where readers for 5mC and 5hmC (5-hydroxymethylcytosine) showed little overlap while further oxidation forms enriched for repair proteins and transcription regulators. We extend this study by using promoter sequences as baits and compare protein binding patterns to unmodified or modified cytosine containing DNA using mouse embryonic stem cell (mESCs) extracts. The dataset contains 3 biological replicates each of mouse ES cell nuclear proteins binding to Pax6 and FGF15 promoter sequences containing different modified forms of cytosine. Data analysis: Mass spectrometric data were processed using Proteome Discoverer v1.3 and searched against a mammalian entries in Uniprot 2011.09 using Mascot v2.3 with the following parameters: Enzyme - trypsin; max 1 missed cleavage; Precursor Mass Tolerance - 10 ppm; Fragment Mass Tolerance - 0.6 Da; Dynamic Modification - Oxidation (M); Static Modification - Carbamidomethyl at C.

2013-10-21 | PXD000524 | Pride

Large conserved domains of low DNA methylation maintained by 5-hydroxymethycytosine and Dnmt3a (CMS bisulfite-seq)

2014-01-22 | GSE53742 | GEO

DNA methylation profiling of embryonic stem cell differentiation into the three germ layers [Expression analysis]

Project description:Embryogenesis is tightly regulated by multiple levels of epigenetic systems such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. DNA methylation patterns are erased in primordial germ cells and in the interval immediately following fertilization. Subsequent reprogramming occurs by de novo methylation and demethylation. Variance of DNA methylation patterns between different cell types is not well understood. Here, using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and tiling array technology, we have comprehensively analysed DNA methylation patterns at proximal promoter regions in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, ES cell-derived early germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm) and four adult tissues (brain, liver, skeletal muscle and sperm). Most of the methylated regions in the three germ layers and in the three adult somatic tissues are shared in common. This commonly methylated gene set is enriched in germ cell associated genes that are generally transcriptionally inactive in somatic cells. We also compared DNA methylation patterns with global mapping of histone H3 lysine 4/27 trimethylation, and found that gain of DNA methylation correlates with loss of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation. Taken together, our findings indicate that differentiation from ES cells to the three germ layers is accompanied by an increase in the number of commonly methylated DNA regions and that these tissue-specific alterations are present for only a small number of genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation at the proximal promoter regions of commonly methylated genes act as an irreversible mark which fixes somatic lineage by repressing transcription of germ cell specific genes. Expression profiling of SK7 ES cells, SK7 derived-Ectoderm, - Endoderm, and -Paraxial mesoderm, and brain, liver, skeletal muscle tissues from ICR mouse.

2012-02-15 | E-GEOD-32081 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Epigenetic profiling at mouse imprinted gene clusters

Project description:Epigenetic profiling of DNA methylation, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation at imprinted gene clusters in the mouse.

2009-06-16 | GSE16588 | GEO

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