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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell derived exosomes as effective biomaterials for anti-inflammation and regeneration in pulpitis

ABSTRACT: The study investigates the effects of exosomes derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPC-Exos) on pulpitis, an inflammatory dental condition. The research demonstrates that hDPC-Exos exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, making them effective biomaterials for treating pulpitis. Exosomes were shown to downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus suppressing inflammation. Additionally, hDPC-Exos promoted angiogenesis and odontogenesis, facilitating recovery and regeneration of pulp tissue. These effects were observed through various analyses, including RNA sequencing and histological evaluations in an in vitro pulpitis model and a rat model of pulpitis. The findings suggest that hDPC-Exos hold potential as a cell-free therapeutic approach for oral inflammation and tissue regeneration.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE295186 | GEO | 2025/04/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: To compare the transcriptional changes of genes in dental pulp tissues with different degrees of inflammatory severity and investigate the role of RAD54B in inflamed human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) Methods: Normal, carious, and pulpitis human dental pulp tissues were collected. Total RNA extracted were subjected to RNA-sequencing and gene expression profiles were further studied by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in homologous recombination repair (HRR) were validated with qRT-PCR. The expression of RAD54B and TNF-α in human dental pulp tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. HDPCs were cultured and RAD54B level in hDPCs was detected after LPS stimulation using western blot. CCK-8 was applied to investigate the cell proliferation of hDPCs transfected with negative control (Nc) small interfering RNA (siRNA), RAD54B siRNA, P53 siRNA or both siRNAs with or without LPS stimulation. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the cell cycle distribution, and western blot and immunofluorescence were utilized to analyze the expression of RAD54B, P53 and P21 under the above treatments. One-way and two-way ANOVA followed by LSD posttest were used for statistical analysis. Results: RNA-sequencing results identified DEGs among three groups. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of DEGs in Replication and Repair pathway. HRR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) components were further verified and qRT-PCR results were basically consistent with the sequencing data. RAD54B, a HRR accessory factor highly expressed in carious and pulpitis tissues compared to normal pulp, was chosen as our gene of interest. High RAD54B expression was confirmed in inflamed human dental pulp tissues and LPS-stimulated hDPCs. Upon RAD54B knockdown, P53 and P21 expressions in hDPCs were upregulated whereas the cell proliferation was significantly downregulated, accompanied with increased G2/M phase arrest. After inhibiting P53 expression in RAD54B-knockdown hDPCs, P21 expression and cell proliferation were reversed. Conclusions: Gene expression profiles of normal, carious and pulpitis human dental pulp tissues were revealed. HRR components was elucidated to function in dental pulp inflammation. Among HRR DEGs, RAD54B could regulate the cell proliferation of inflamed hDPCs via P53/P21 signaling. This research not only deepens our understanding of dental pulp inflammation but also provides a new insight to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Project description:Rationale：Poor peri-implant osseointegration of dental implants in patients with type II diabetes has become a major clinical challenge in recent years. MSC (Mesenchymal stem cell)-derived exosomes may play an important role in peri-implant osseointegration, but the mechanism remains unclear. Enhancing the therapeutic effect of MSC-derived exosomes and exploring the potential mechanism can help provide a new therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical outcome of dental implant restorations in patients with type II diabetes. Methods：The exosomes derived from hypoxia (Hypo-exos) or normoxia (Nor-exos) preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were co-cultured with BMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effect of exosomes on BMSCs cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and EdU assay, and the effect on angiogenesis ability of HUVECs was detected by wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, tube formation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. A diabetic rat dental implant model was also established and the effect of exosomes on implant osseointegration was evaluated through micro-CT scanning and histological analysis. The differentially expressed miRNAs between Hypo-exos and Nor-exos were identified by high-throughput miRNA sequencing. Subsequently, the target genes and their roles in regulating angiogenesis were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay. Results：In vitro experiments indicated that hypoxia preconditioning could elevate exosome production and promote cell proliferation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Moreover, Hypo-exos promoted peri-implant osteogenesis in rats with diabetes. Further investigation revealed the vital involvement of the miR-106b-5p/HIF-1α axis in promoting peri-implant osseointegration. Conclusion: Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned BMSCs could improve the peri-implant osseointegration in rats with diabetes by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and the miR-106b-5p/ HIF-1α axis could be the underlying mechanism.

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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell derived exosomes as effective biomaterials for anti-inflammation and regeneration in pulpitis

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