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Distinct Global Shifts in Genomic Binding Profiles of Limb Malformation Associated HOXD13 Mutations

ABSTRACT: We applied ChIP-seq to explore the effect of missense mutations in TFs on their genome wide binding profile. Using a retroviral expression system in chicken mesenchymal stem cells, we elucidated the mechanism underlying a novel missense mutation in HOXD13 (Q317K) associated with a complex hand and foot malformation phenotype. The glutamine at position 317 (position 50 of the homeodomain) is conserved in most homeodomains, a notable exception being bicoid-type homeodomains that have K at this position. Our results show that the mutation results in a shift in the binding profile of the mutant towards a bicoid/PITX1 motif. Gene expression analysis and functional assays using in vivo overexpression studies confirm that the mutation results in a partial conversion of HOXD13 into a TF with bicoid/PITX1 properties. A similar shift was not observed with the mutation Q317R, which is associated with brachysyndactyly, suggesting that the bicoid/PITX1-shift observed for Q317K might be related to the severe clinical phenotype.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE44799 | GEO | 2013/08/19

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA192680

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinct Global Shifts in Genomic Binding Profiles of Limb Malformation Associated HOXD13 Mutations

Project description:We applied ChIP-seq to explore the effect of missense mutations in TFs on their genome wide binding profile. Using a retroviral expression system in chicken mesenchymal stem cells, we elucidated the mechanism underlying a novel missense mutation in HOXD13 (Q317K) associated with a complex hand and foot malformation phenotype. The glutamine at position 317 (position 50 of the homeodomain) is conserved in most homeodomains, a notable exception being bicoid-type homeodomains that have K at this position. Our results show that the mutation results in a shift in the binding profile of the mutant towards a bicoid/PITX1 motif. Gene expression analysis and functional assays using in vivo overexpression studies confirm that the mutation results in a partial conversion of HOXD13 into a TF with bicoid/PITX1 properties. A similar shift was not observed with the mutation Q317R, which is associated with brachysyndactyly, suggesting that the bicoid/PITX1-shift observed for Q317K might be related to the severe clinical phenotype. For each wt or mutant transcription factor two independent biological replicates were used for ChIP-seq together with corresponding input DNA as reference samples. For expression analysis one RNA sample for each wt and mutant transcription factor was used and compared to the expression level of cells infected with empty vector by RNA-seq.

2013-08-19 | E-GEOD-44799 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Mesomelic Dysplasias Associated With The HOXD Locus Are Caused By Regulatory Reallocations [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Some human families display severe shortening and bending of the radius and ulna, a condition referred to as mesomelic dysplasia. Many of these families contain chromosomal rearrangements at 2q31, where the human HOXD locus maps. In mice, the dominant X-ray-induced Ulnaless inversion of the HoxD gene cluster produces a similar phenotype suggesting that the same pathological mechanism is at work in humans and mice. A tentative hypothesis was proposed where the various alterations to the genomic structure of HOXD could translocate Hoxd13 near to proximal limb enhancers, leading to its deleterious gain-of-expression in the embryonic forelimb. We evaluated this hypothesis by engineering a ca. 1Mb large inversion including the HoxD gene cluster, in order to position Hoxd13 within a chromatin domain rich in proximal limb enhancers. We show that these enhancers contact and activate Hoxd13 in proximal cells, concomitant to the formation of a mesomelic dysplasia phenotype. A secondary mutation in the coding frame of the HOXD13 protein in-cis with the inversion completely rescued the limb alterations, demonstrating that ectopic HOXD13 is indeed the unique cause of this bone anomaly. Single cell expression analysis and evaluation of HOXD13 binding sites in cells from this ectopic expression domain suggests that the phenotype arises primarily by acting through genes normally controlled by HOXD13 in distal limb cells. Altogether, these results provide a conceptual and mechanistic framework to understand and unify the molecular origins of human mesomelic dysplasia associated with 2q31.

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