Unexpected complexity of the Escherichia coli K-12 transcriptome architecture revealed by single nucleotide resolution RNA sequencing
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the architecture of the E. coli K-12 transcriptome, we used two RNA-Seq technologies to analyze strand-specific transcription at single-nucleotide resolution. We analyzed the data by using an organizational schema to annotate the promoters and terminators that define transcription units across the genome. Our results showed that most (ca. two-thirds) operons have a single promoter and terminator, whereas one-third of operons contain multiple transcription units. We found substantial evidence for differential gene expression within complex operons, which we categorized based on operon architecture.
Project description:To investigate the architecture of the E. coli K-12 transcriptome, we used two RNA-Seq technologies to analyze strand-specific transcription at single-nucleotide resolution. We analyzed the data by using an organizational schema to annotate the promoters and terminators that define transcription units across the genome. Our results showed that most (ca. two-thirds) operons have a single promoter and terminator, whereas one-third of operons contain multiple transcription units. We found substantial evidence for differential gene expression within complex operons, which we categorized based on operon architecture. E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 substrain BW38028 and isogenic rpoS mutant were cultured in minimal glucose media and the total transcriptome of log and stationary phase samples was sequenced.
Project description:To investigate the architecture of the E. coli K-12 transcriptome, we used two RNA-Seq technologies to analyze strand-specific transcription at single-nucleotide resolution. We analyzed the data by using an organizational schema to annotate the promoters and terminators that define transcription units across the genome. We found substantial evidence for differential gene expression within complex operons, which we categorized based on operon architecture.
Project description:To investigate the architecture of the E. coli K-12 transcriptome, we used two RNA-Seq technologies to analyze strand-specific transcription at single-nucleotide resolution. We analyzed the data by using an organizational schema to annotate the promoters and terminators that define transcription units across the genome. We found substantial evidence for differential gene expression within complex operons, which we categorized based on operon architecture. E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 substrain BW38028 and isogenic rpoS mutant were cultured in minimal glucose media (carbon, nitrogen, or phosphate limited) and the total transcriptome of log and stationary phase samples was sequenced.
Project description:We report a complex operon architecture for R. capsulatus: operons with multiple TSSs and TTSs, genomic regions of high transcriptional activity and novel transcripts. In addition, we present a new 5' and 3' targeted sequencing method for the Ion Torrent PGM. TEX+ and TEX- indicates if the dRNA-seq library was treated with Terminator 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Exonuclease or not. Treatment with TEX degrades every RNA that does not have a 5'-PPP.
Project description:H3 ChIP and input DNA were hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip S. cerevisiae Tiling 1.0R Array Genome-wide mapping of nucleosomes generated by micrococcal nuclease (MNase) suggests that yeast promoter and terminator regions are very depleted of nucleosomes, predominantly because their DNA sequences intrinsically disfavor nucleosome formation. However, MNase has strong DNA sequence specificity that favors cleavage at promoters and terminators and accounts for some of the correlation between occupancy patterns of nucleosomes assembled in vivo and in vitro. Using an improved method for measuring nucleosome occupancy in vivo that does not involve MNase, we confirm that promoter regions are strongly depleted of nucleosomes, but find that terminator regions are much less depleted than expected. Unlike at promoter regions, nucleosome occupancy at terminators is strongly correlated with the orientation of and distance to adjacent genes. In addition, nucleosome occupancy at terminators is strongly affected by growth conditions, indicating that it is not primarily determined by intrinsic histone-DNA interactions. Rapid removal of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) causes increased nucleosome occupancy at terminators, strongly suggesting a transcription-based mechanism of nucleosome depletion. However, the distinct behavior of terminator regions and their corresponding coding regions suggests that nucleosome depletion at terminators is not simply associated with passage of Pol II, but rather involves a distinct mechanism linked to 3’ end formation.
2010-09-21 | GSE23778 | GEO
Project description:Terminator RNAseq (TermSeq) of a synthetic library of intrinsic terminators.
Project description:The global transcriptional profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages LUZ19, LUZ24, YuA, PAK_P3, 14-1 and phiKZ was obtained using the long read RNA sequencing technique ONT-cappable-seq. Using this approach we obtained a comprehensive genome-wide map of viral transcription start sites, terminators and transcription units.
Project description:The global transcriptional profile of novel T7-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage LUZ100 was obtained using the long read RNA sequencing technique ONT-cappable-seq. Using this approach we obtained a comprehensive genome-wide map of viral transcription start sites, terminators and transcription units and gained new insights in the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of T7-like temperate phages.
Project description:Transcription termination in bacteria can occur either via Rho-dependent or independent (intrinsic) mechanisms. Intrinsic terminators are composed of a stem-loop RNA structure followed by a uridine stretch and are known to terminate in a precise manner. In contrast, Rho-dependent terminators have more loosely defined characteristics and are thought to terminate in a diffuse manner. While transcripts ending in an intrinsic terminator are protected from 3’-5’ exonuclease digestion due to the stem-loop structure of the terminator, it remains unclear what protects Rho-dependent transcripts from being degraded. In this study, we mapped the exact steady-state RNA 3’ ends of hundreds of E. coli genes terminated either by Rho-dependent or independent mechanisms. We found that transcripts generated from Rho-dependent termination have precise 3’-ends at steady state. These termini were localized immediately downstream of energetically stable stem-loop structures, which were not followed by uridine rich sequences. We provide evidence that these structures protect Rho-dependent transcripts from 3’-5’ exonucleases such as PNPase and RNase II, and present data localizing the Rho-utilization (rut) sites immediately downstream of these protective structures. This study represents the first extensive in-vivo map of exact RNA 3’-ends of Rho-dependent transcripts in E. coli.
Project description:This analysis is part of the study GSE27219, The condition-dependent transcriptome of Bacillus subtilis 168. In this study, 120 transcription units where identified for which transcription did not terminate at any specific site, leading to mRNA extension over long distances with slowly decreasing signal intensity. In most cases, lack of termination and read-through generated antisense transcripts. These findings together with the lack of intrinsic terminators suggested that transcription termination of the 120 transcription units could be mediated by the transcription termination factor Rho. In order to investigate the impact of Rho-mediated termination, tiling array hybridizations using RNA samples of a B. subtilis rho-null mutant and its parental strain were performed.