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A PU.1 suppressive target gene, metallothionein-1G, inhibits retinoic acid-induced NB4 cell differentiation

ABSTRACT: We recently revealed that myeloid master regulator PU.1 directly represses metallothionein (MT)-1G through its epigenetic activity, but the functions of MT-1G in myeloid differentiation remain unknown. To clarify this, we established MT-1G-overexpressing acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 (NB4MTOE) cells, and investigated whether MT-1G functionally contributes to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced NB4 cell differentiation. Real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that the inductions of CD11b and CD11c and reductions in myeloperoxidase and c-myc by ATRA were attenuated in NB4MTOE cells. Since G1 arrest is a hallmark of ATRA-induced NB4 cell differentiation, we observed a decrease in G1 accumulation, as well as decreases in p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 inductions, by ATRA in NB4MTOE cells. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assays revealed that the proportions of NBT-positive cells were decreased in NB4MTOE cells in the presence of ATRA. Microarray analyses showed that the changes in expression of several myeloid differentiation-related genes (GATA2, azurocidin 1, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, defensin-4, C-X3-C motif receptor 3, matrix metallopeptidase -8, S100 calcium-binding protein A12, neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 and oncostatin M) induced by ATRA were disturbed in NB4MTOE cells. Collectively, overexpression of MT-1G disturbs the proper differentiation of myeloid cells. The present study provides evidence that expression analysis of MT-1G in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients may be a good prediction marker to estimate the efficacy of ATRA.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE56739 | GEO | 2014/08/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA244822

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We recently revealed that myeloid master regulator PU.1 directly represses metallothionein (MT)-1G through its epigenetic activity, but the functions of MT-1G in myeloid differentiation remain unknown. To clarify this, we established MT-1G-overexpressing acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 (NB4MTOE) cells, and investigated whether MT-1G functionally contributes to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced NB4 cell differentiation. Real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that the inductions of CD11b and CD11c and reductions in myeloperoxidase and c-myc by ATRA were attenuated in NB4MTOE cells. Since G1 arrest is a hallmark of ATRA-induced NB4 cell differentiation, we observed a decrease in G1 accumulation, as well as decreases in p21WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 inductions, by ATRA in NB4MTOE cells. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assays revealed that the proportions of NBT-positive cells were decreased in NB4MTOE cells in the presence of ATRA. Microarray analyses showed that the changes in expression of several myeloid differentiation-related genes (GATA2, azurocidin 1, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, defensin-4, C-X3-C motif receptor 3, matrix metallopeptidase -8, S100 calcium-binding protein A12, neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 and oncostatin M) induced by ATRA were disturbed in NB4MTOE cells. Collectively, overexpression of MT-1G disturbs the proper differentiation of myeloid cells. The present study provides evidence that expression analysis of MT-1G in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients may be a good prediction marker to estimate the efficacy of ATRA. Cell culture and generation of MT-1G-overexpressing cells: To generate MT-1G-overexpressing cells and their control cells, the MT-1G expression vector and its parental pcDNA 3.1/myc-His(-) version A vector (Invitrogen) were transfected using a CLB-Transfection device (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland). NB4 clones stably transfected with the vectors were isolated by limiting dilution and selection with 400 µg/ml of neomycin in RPMI (Gibco BRL, Rockville, MD) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (HIFBS). Cells were cultured under 5% CO2 at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere. Microarray analyses: MT-1G-overexpressing (NB4MTOE) cells and their control cells were seeded at a density of 1×105 cells/ml and treated with 1 µM all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The cells were harvested after 72 h and total cellular RNA was isolated from control (NB4pcDNA4, 6, 7) cells and NB4MTOE (NB4MT22, 23, 25) cells using an RNA Mini Purification Kit (Qiagen, Miami, FL) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Aliquots containing 10 µg of RNA from each sample of control cells were mixed and used as controls. Similarly, 10 µg of RNA from each sample of NB4MTOE cells were mixed and used as NB4MTOE cells. The samples were subjected to microarray analyses using a CodeLink Human 54K Whole Genome Bioarray (Filgen, Nagoya, Japan).

Project description:The aim of this study is to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) transcriptionnally regulated by retinoic acid (RA). For that purpose we have used the RA-based treatment of the Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) as a model. This malignancy is characterised by a differentiation arrest of granulopoiesis at the promyelocytic stage. APL is molecularly associated with reciprocal translocations that always involve the retinoic acid receptor a (RARa). In the vast majority of APL cases, a t(15;17) chromosomal translocation fuses the genes encoding the promyelocytic leukemia protein PML and RARa. The resulting PML-RARa is a transcriptional repressor that impedes the expression of RA-regulated genes notably through an aberrant recruitment of transcriptional repressors and histone deacetylases. Consequently, these genes become insensitive to physiological doses (nanoM) of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) but pharmacological doses (microM), overcome the PML-RARa-mediated repression and restore normal transcription and granulocytic differentiation. The restorative effects of RA can be reproduced in vitro in the NB4 cells, which were derived from an APL patient. These cells provide an excellent model to study the transcriptional deregulations that arise in APL and the molecular effects of the anti-cancerous RA-based treatment. We also used in this study the RA-resistant cells, namely NB4-LR1 and NB4-LR2 cells. The NB4-LR1 cells do transcriptionally respond to ATRA but do not maturate. In contrast, the NB4-LR2 cells show a clear defect in RA signaling, as they harbor a truncated form of PML-RAR protein that is not sensitive to pharmacological doses of RA. First, we plan to characterize miRNAs-repressed by PML-RAR. We reasoned that if some miRNAs are repressed by this protein, then pharmacological doses of RA should abolish this repression and lead to an increase in the level of expression of the corresponding miRNAs. NB4, NB4-LR1 and NB4-LR2 cells will thus be treated for 16h with ATRA (1 microM), and miRNAs profiles will be compared. We anticipate that, the expression of a potential miRNA-repressed by PML-RAR should be up-regulated by ATRA in both NB4 and NB4-LR1 cells but remain unchanged in NB4-LR2 cells. This expression pattern should in fact be similar to those observed for known RA-regulated genes, such as RARb, a well characterized target of the RARa and PML-RAR proteins. Importantly, this experimental procedure was already validated with the identification of a miRNA repressed by PML-RAR (patent Lecellier et al. #WO 2006/048553). MiRNAs candidates obtained will then be validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-RARa and anti-PML antibodies, followed by luciferase assays in presence or absence of ATRA. Keywords: retinoic acid-mediated gene regulation To characterize miRNAs regulated by PML-RAR.

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A PU.1 suppressive target gene, metallothionein-1G, inhibits retinoic acid-induced NB4 cell differentiation

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