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Exogenous isoprene modulates gene expression in unstressed Arabidopsis thaliana plants

ABSTRACT: Isoprene is a well-studied volatile hemiterpene that protects plants from abiotic stress through mechanisms that are not fully understood. The antioxidant and membrane stabilizing potential of isoprene are the two most commonly invoked mechanisms. However, isoprene also affects phenylpropanoid metabolism, suggesting an additional role as a signaling molecule. In this study, microarray based gene expression profiling reveals widespread transcriptional reprogramming of Arabidopsis thaliana plants fumigated for 24 hrs with a physiologically relevant concentration of isoprene. Functional enrichment analysis of fumigated plants revealed enhanced heat- and light-stress-responsive processes in response to isoprene. Isoprene induced a network enriched in ERF and WRKY transcription factors, which may play a role in stress tolerance. The isoprene-induced upregulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes was specifically confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results support a role for isoprene as a signaling molecule, in addition to its possible roles as an antioxidant and membrane thermoprotectant.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE72547 | GEO | 2015/09/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA294309

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Exogenous isoprene modulates gene expression in unstressed Arabidopsis thaliana plants

Project description:Isoprene is a well-studied volatile hemiterpene that protects plants from abiotic stress through mechanisms that are not fully understood. The antioxidant and membrane stabilizing potential of isoprene are the two most commonly invoked mechanisms. However, isoprene also affects phenylpropanoid metabolism, suggesting an additional role as a signaling molecule. In this study, microarray based gene expression profiling reveals widespread transcriptional reprogramming of Arabidopsis thaliana plants fumigated for 24 hrs with a physiologically relevant concentration of isoprene. Functional enrichment analysis of fumigated plants revealed enhanced heat- and light-stress-responsive processes in response to isoprene. Isoprene induced a network enriched in ERF and WRKY transcription factors, which may play a role in stress tolerance. The isoprene-induced upregulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes was specifically confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results support a role for isoprene as a signaling molecule, in addition to its possible roles as an antioxidant and membrane thermoprotectant. Plants were held at 23 °C for 24 hours and then held at 40 °C for 24 hours, either in the presence or absence of 20 PPM isoprene during the entire 48 hours. Leaf samples were taken at the end of both 24 hour treatment periods. Each of the 4 resulting conditions was replicated 3 times.

2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-72547 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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The effect of constitutive root isoprene emission on root phenotype and physiology under control and salt stress conditions

Project description:Isoprene, a volatile hydrocarbon, is typically emitted from the leaves and other aboveground plant organs; isoprene emission from roots is not well studied. Given its well-known function in plant growth and defense aboveground, isoprene may also be involved in shaping root physiology to resist belowground stress. We used isoprene-emitting transgenic lines (IE) and a non-emitting empty vector and/or wild type lines (NE) of Arabidopsis to elucidate the roles of isoprene in root physiology and salt stress resistance. We assessed root phenotype and metabolic changes, hormone biosynthesis and signaling, and stress-responses under normal and saline conditions of IE and NE lines. We also analyzed the root transcriptome in the presence or absence of salt stress. IE lines emitted isoprene from roots, which was associated with higher primary root growth, root biomass, and root/shoot biomass ratio under both control and salt stress conditions. Transcriptome data indicated that isoprene altered the expression of key genes involved in hormone metabolism and plant responses to stress factors. Our findings reveal that root constitutive isoprene emission sustains root growth also under salinity by regulating and/or priming hormone biosynthesis and signaling mechanisms, amino acids biosynthesis, and expression of key genes relevant to salt stress defense.

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Comparative Analysis of Seed Transcriptomes of Ambient Ozone-Fumigated Two Different Rice Cultivars

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Microarray analysis for leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants fumigated with nitrogen dioxide (treatment) or air (control)

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Comparative Analysis of Seed Transcriptomes of Ambient Ozone-Fumigated Two Different Rice Cultivars

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Protein expression plasticity contributes to heat and drought tolerance of date palm

Project description:Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of warming and drought periods around the globe, currently representing a threat to many plant species. Understanding the resistance and resilience of plants to climate change is, therefore, urgently needed. As date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) evolved adaptation mechanisms to a xeric environment and is able to tolerate large diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations, we studied the protein expression changes in their leaves, volatile organic compound emissions, and photosynthesis in response to variable growth temperatures and soil water deprivation. Plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions under simulated Saudi Arabian summer and winter climates followed by drought stress. We show that date palm is able to counteract the harsh conditions of the Arabian Peninsula by adjusting the abundances of proteins related to the photosynthetic machinery, abiotic stress and secondary metabolism. Under summer climate and water deprivation, these adjustments included efficient protein expression response mediated by heat shock proteins and the antioxidant system to counteract reactive oxygen species formation. Proteins related to secondary metabolism were downregulated, except for the P. dactylifera isoprene synthase (PdIspS), which was strongly upregulated in response to summer climate and drought. This study reports for the first time, the identification and functional characterization of the gene encoding for PdIspS, allowing future analysis of isoprene functions in date palm under extreme environments. Overall, the current results show that protein reprogramming of date palm leaves contribute to heat and drought tolerance. We conclude that the protein plasticity of date palm is one important mechanism of molecular adaptation to remarkable environmental fluctuations.

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