Remission for loss of odontogenic potential in a new micromilieu in vitro
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE78228 | GEO | 2016/10/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA312959
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas the bud stage tooth developmental arrest in Msx1-/- mutant mice was accompanied by reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 mRNA expression, we show that depleting functional Bmp4 mRNAs in the tooth mesenchyme, through neural crest-specific gene inactivation in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice, caused mandibular molar developmental arrest at the bud stage but allowed maxillary molars and incisors to develop to mineralized teeth. We show that the Wnt inhibitors Dkk2 and Wif1 were much more abundantly expressed in the mandibular than maxillary molar mesenchyme in wildtype embryos and that Dkk2 expression was significantly unregulated in the tooth mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. In addition, expression of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger protein that antagonizes Msx1-mediated activation of odontogenic mesenchyme, is significantly upregulated in the molar mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. Msx1 heterozygosity enhanced maxillary molar developmental defects whereas Osr2 heterozygosity rescued mandibular first molar morphogenesis in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice. Moreover, in contrast to complete lack of supernumerary tooth initiation in Msx1-/-Osr2-/- mutant mice, Osr2-/-Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre compound mutant mice exhibit formation and subsequent arrest of supernumerary tooth germs that correlated with down regulation of Msx1 expression in the tooth mesenchyme. Taken together, our data indicate that, while reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 expression alone could not account for the tooth bud arrest phenotype in Msx1-/- mutant mice, Bmp4 signaling synergizes with Msx1 and antagonizes Osr2 to activate mesenchymal odontogenic activity to drive tooth morphogenesis and sequential tooth formation. E13.5 mouse embryos tooth germs were microdissected by laser capture microdissection (LCM), and the mandibular molar and maxillary molar were separated. 3 pairs of control and mutant samples were pooled for the RNA extraction.
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Project description:Odontomas are classified as odontogenic benign tumors, which show disorganized dental mineralized hard tissue formation in the jaw, but mechanisms in the induction of odontomas remain to be clarified. Odontomas are also thought to be developmental anomalies of tooth germ, which frequently occur in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) involving activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling. However, the roles of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in odontomas or odontogenic cells remain to be clarified. The current study was conducted to investigate the expression of b-catenin in odontomas and the function of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in odontogenic epithelial cells and tooth germ development. b-catenin frequently accumulated in the nucleus and/or cellular cytoplasm of remaining odontogenic epithelial cells in human odontoma specimens, immunohistochemically. Activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling inhibited odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation and mouse tooth germ development, while inducing epithelial bud formation in the novel developed epithelial tooth bud culture system derived from mouse tooth germ. We identified Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) as a downstream molecule of Wnt/b-catenin signaling using DNA microarray analysis and showed that Wnt/b-catenin signaling-dependent reduction of Sema3A expression resulted in suppression of odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation. Novel developed epithelial tooth bud culture system revealed that Sema3A expression is required in epithelial budding morphogenesis. These results suggest that Wnt/b-catenin signaling negatively regulates odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation and tooth germ development through decreased-Sema3A expression, and aberrant activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling may be associated with the formation of odontomas.
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Project description:Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas the bud stage tooth developmental arrest in Msx1-/- mutant mice was accompanied by reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 mRNA expression, we show that depleting functional Bmp4 mRNAs in the tooth mesenchyme, through neural crest-specific gene inactivation in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice, caused mandibular molar developmental arrest at the bud stage but allowed maxillary molars and incisors to develop to mineralized teeth. We show that the Wnt inhibitors Dkk2 and Wif1 were much more abundantly expressed in the mandibular than maxillary molar mesenchyme in wildtype embryos and that Dkk2 expression was significantly unregulated in the tooth mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. In addition, expression of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger protein that antagonizes Msx1-mediated activation of odontogenic mesenchyme, is significantly upregulated in the molar mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. Msx1 heterozygosity enhanced maxillary molar developmental defects whereas Osr2 heterozygosity rescued mandibular first molar morphogenesis in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice. Moreover, in contrast to complete lack of supernumerary tooth initiation in Msx1-/-Osr2-/- mutant mice, Osr2-/-Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre compound mutant mice exhibit formation and subsequent arrest of supernumerary tooth germs that correlated with down regulation of Msx1 expression in the tooth mesenchyme. Taken together, our data indicate that, while reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 expression alone could not account for the tooth bud arrest phenotype in Msx1-/- mutant mice, Bmp4 signaling synergizes with Msx1 and antagonizes Osr2 to activate mesenchymal odontogenic activity to drive tooth morphogenesis and sequential tooth formation.
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Project description:X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) represents the most common form of familial hypophosphatemia. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of the bone pathology, patients undergoing therapy continue to experience significantly decreased oral health-related quality of life. The following study addresses this persistent oral disease by further investigating the effect of DMP1 expression on the differentiation of XLH dental pulp cells. Dental pulp cells were isolated from the third molars of XLH and healthy controls and stable transduction of full-length human DMP1 was achieved. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the genetic changes following the induction of odontogenic differentiation using either an organic (beta-glycerophosphaet) or inorganic (sodium phosphate) phosphate source.
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Project description:Tooth development is a complex process orchestrated by intricate gene regulatory networks, involving both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme. Six1, a pivotal transcription factor (TF), is involved in the development of the lower incisor. However, its precise role during incisor development and the molecular mechanisms underpinning its regulatory functions remain poorly understood. This study employs Six1 deletion mouse models to elucidate the critical regulatory role of Six1 in governing dental mesenchyme development. By performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we constructed a comprehensive transcriptome atlas of tooth germ development from the bud to bell stage. Our analyses suggest that the dental follicle (DF) and the dental papilla (DP) are differentiated from dental ectomesenchyme (DEM), and identify the key transcription factors (TFs) underlying these distinct states. Notably, we show that Dlx1, Dlx2, and Dlx5 (Dlx1/2/5) may function as the key TFs that promote the formation of DP. We further show that the deletion of Six1 perturbs dental mesenchyme development by impeding the transitions from DEM to DP states. Importantly, SIX1 directly binds to the promoters of Dlx1/2/5 to promote their co-expression, which subsequently leads to widespread epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling. In summary, our findings unveil Six1's indispensable role in incisor development, offering key insights into transcription factor-driven regulatory networks that govern dental mesenchyme cell fate transitions during tooth development.
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Project description:Tooth development is a complex process orchestrated by intricate gene regulatory networks, involving both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme. Six1, a pivotal transcription factor (TF), is involved in the development of the lower incisor. However, its precise role during incisor development and the molecular mechanisms underpinning its regulatory functions remain poorly understood. This study employs Six1 deletion mouse models to elucidate the critical regulatory role of Six1 in governing dental mesenchyme development. By performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we constructed a comprehensive transcriptome atlas of tooth germ development from the bud to bell stage. Our analyses suggest that the dental follicle (DF) and the dental papilla (DP) are differentiated from dental ectomesenchyme (DEM), and identify the key transcription factors (TFs) underlying these distinct states. Notably, we show that Dlx1, Dlx2, and Dlx5 (Dlx1/2/5) may function as the key TFs that promote the formation of DP. We further show that the deletion of Six1 perturbs dental mesenchyme development by impeding the transitions from DEM to DP states. Importantly, SIX1 directly binds to the promoters of Dlx1/2/5 to promote their co-expression, which subsequently leads to widespread epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling. In summary, our findings unveil Six1's indispensable role in incisor development, offering key insights into transcription factor-driven regulatory networks that govern dental mesenchyme cell fate transitions during tooth development.
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Project description:Knockdown of endogenous GDF11 downregulated the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). We performed RNA-seq analysis on hDPSCs transfected with GDF11 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and control siRNA after 7 days of odontogenic induction, in order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of endogenous GDF11 regulating odontogenic differentiation in hDPSC.
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2022-02-04 | PXD031046 | Pride