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Transcriptionally inactive ATF2 variant drives melanomagenesis [Seq]

ABSTRACT: Characterized by striking metastatic propensity and chemoresistance, melanoma is among the most lethal cutaneous malignancies. The transcription factor ATF2 was shown to elicit oncogenic activities in melanoma, and its inhibition attenuates melanoma development. Here, a mouse model engineered to express a transcriptionally inactive form of Atf2 (Atf2?8,9) was found to be sufficient to induce nevi formation and, when crossed with BrafV600E animals, to promote melanoma development. The cross of Atf2?8,9 with BrafV600E;Pten-/- mice augmented pigmentation, tumorigenicity, and metastasis. Similar to mouse Atf2?8,9, the human ATF2 splice variant 5 enhanced growth and migration capacity of cultured melanoma and immortalized melanocytes. Induced Melan-A, CXCL9, S100A8, CCR7 expression, seen in Atf2?8,9-driven tumors associate with their enhanced pigmentation, immune infiltration and propensity to metastasize. Notably, elevated ATF2SV5 expression in melanoma specimens coincided with poor prognosis. The gain-of-function activity elicited by the truncated ATF2 form offers unexpected insight into mechanisms underlying melanoma development and progression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE79917 | GEO | 2016/04/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA317371

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptionally inactive ATF2 variant drives melanomagenesis [Array]

Project description:Characterized by striking metastatic propensity and chemoresistance, melanoma is among the most lethal cutaneous malignancies. The transcription factor ATF2 was shown to elicit oncogenic activities in melanoma, and its inhibition attenuates melanoma development. Here, a mouse model engineered to express a transcriptionally inactive form of Atf2 (Atf2?8,9) was found to be sufficient to induce nevi formation and, when crossed with BrafV600E animals, to promote melanoma development. The cross of Atf2?8,9 with BrafV600E;Pten-/- mice augmented pigmentation, tumorigenicity, and metastasis. Similar to mouse Atf2?8,9, the human ATF2 splice variant 5 enhanced growth and migration capacity of cultured melanoma and immortalized melanocytes. Induced Melan-A, CXCL9, S100A8, CCR7 expression, seen in Atf2?8,9-driven tumors associate with their enhanced pigmentation, immune infiltration and propensity to metastasize. Notably, elevated ATF2SV5 expression in melanoma specimens coincided with poor prognosis. The gain-of-function activity elicited by the truncated ATF2 form offers unexpected insight into mechanisms underlying melanoma development and progression.

2016-05-02 | GSE81013 | GEO

Transcriptionally inactive ATF2 variant drives melanomagenesis

Project description:Transcriptionally inactive ATF2 variant drives melanomagenesis

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Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Small Molecules that Promote the Mitochondrial Localization of ATF2

2012-12-28 | GSE43135 | GEO

Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Small Molecules that Promote the Mitochondrial Localization of ATF2

Project description:Effective therapy for malignant melanoma, the leading cause of death from skin cancer, remains an area of significant unmet need in oncology. Increased expression of PKC? in advanced metastatic melanoma, results in the phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF2 on threonine 52, which causes its nuclear localization and confers its oncogenic activities. The nuclear-to-mitochondrial translocation of ATF2 following genotoxic stress promotes apoptosis, a function that is largely lost in melanoma cells, due to its confined nuclear localization. Therefore, promoting the nuclear export of ATF2, which sensitizes melanoma cells to apoptosis, offers a novel therapeutic modality. We conducted a pilot high-throughput screen of 3,800 compounds to identify small molecules that promote melanoma cell death by inducing the cytoplasmic localization of ATF2. For this specific gene expression analysis experiment, we subjected WM793 melanoma cells to treatment with DMSO- or 10µM SBI-0087702 for 24 h. RNA was harvested and subjected to microarray analyses using the Illumina Human HT-12 v4 BeadChip. Raw microarray data were normalized using the lumi package in R (variant stabilizing transformation followed by quantile normalization). Subsequent variant-stabilized, normalized microarray values were sorted by fold-change values and subjected to a 1.5-fold-change cut-off threshold. The fold-change-ranked gene list was subjected to gene ontological enriched functional network clustering using the Ingenuity (IPA) gene ontology platform.

2012-12-28 | E-GEOD-43135 | biostudies-arrayexpress

NRG1/ERBB3 signaling in melanocyte Melan-Ink4a cells

Project description:Neuregulin (NRG) signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase, ERBB3, is required for embryonic development, and dysregulated signaling has been associated with cancer progression. Here, we show that NRG1/ERBB3 signaling inhibits melanocyte (MC) maturation and promotes undifferentiated, migratory and proliferative cellular characteristics. Embryonic analyses demonstrated that initial MC specification and distribution were not dependent on ERBB3 signaling. However NRG1/ERBB3 signaling was both necessary and sufficient to inhibit differentiation of later stages of MC development in culture. Analysis of tissue arrays of human melanoma samples suggests that ERBB3 signaling may also contribute to metastatic progression of melanoma as ERBB3 was phosphorylated in primary tumors compared with nevi or metastatic lesions. Neuregulin 1-treated MCs demonstrated increased proliferation and invasion and altered morphology concomitant with decreased levels of differentiation genes, increased levels of proliferation genes and altered levels of melanoma progression and metastases genes. ERBB3 activation in primary melanomas suggests that NRG1/ERBB3 signaling may contribute to the progression of melanoma from benign nevi to malignancies. We propose that targeting ERBB3 activation and downstream genes identified in this study may provide novel therapeutic interventions for malignant melanoma. Gene expression changes are compared between Melan-Ink4a cells stimulated with NRG1-b1 (NRG1) for 21 days and NRG1 untreated Melan-INK4a cells in triplicate using Affymetrix Mouse GeneChip 1.0 ST chip .

2010-05-07 | E-GEOD-21463 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Melanoma is one of the most lethal cutaneous malignancies, characterized by chemoresistance and a striking propensity to metastasize. The transcription factor ATF2 elicits oncogenic activities in melanoma, and its inhibition attenuates melanoma development. Here, we show that expression of a transcriptionally inactive form of Atf2 (Atf2(?8,9)) promotes development of melanoma in mouse models. Atf2(?8,9)-driven tumors show enhanced pigmentation, immune infiltration, and metastatic propensity. Similar to mouse Atf2(?8,9), we have identified a transcriptionally inactive human ATF2 splice variant 5 (ATF2(SV5)) that enhances the growth and migration capacity of cultured melanoma cells and immortalized melanocytes. ATF2(SV5) expression is elevated in human melanoma specimens and is associated with poor prognosis. These findings point to an oncogenic function for ATF2 in melanoma development that appears to be independent of its transcriptional activity.

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Spatially differential regulation of ATF2 phosphorylation contributes to warning coloration of gregarious locusts

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