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The global transcriptional effect of exogenously added butyrolactone I on Aspergillus terreus under submerged culture

ABSTRACT: The filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus is known to produce both industrially and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of exogenously added butyrolactone I (BI) on the submerged culture of A. terreus, especially on the possible regulation of the secondary metabolism on the transcriptional level. In order to elucidate the presumed regulative role of butyrolactone I, a large-scale microarray gene expression study was designed and conducted with an industrially utilised A. terreus strain MUCL38669. A. terreus MUCL38669 was cultured in secondary metabolism inducing submerged conditions for nine days, where butyrolactone I was added at the beginning of the growth phase (at 24 hours p.i.), in the middle of the growth phase (at 96 hours p.i.) or in the late growth phase (at 120 hours p.i.), in addition to the control culture where no exogenous butyrolactone I was added. To obtain comprehensive gene expression profiles over the whole culture time, samples were taken at six time points: 24 hours, 48 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours, 144 hours and 216 hours post inoculation.

ORGANISM(S): Aspergillus terreus Aspergillus terreus NIH2624

PROVIDER: GSE93552 | GEO | 2017/05/08

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA361082

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This work presents an exploration of submerged differentiation of the ubiquitous saprophyte and industrially important fungus, Aspergillus niger, in response to a limited availability of a sole carbon and energy source, maltose. In aspergilli and other mold fungi, asexual reproduction through formation of elaborate conidiogenic structures normally requires an aerial interface. This requirement is bypassed in submerged culture in response to severe nutrient limitation. Continuous cultures with cell retention (retentostat cultures) were applied to generate a fundamental physiological state, where the specific growth rate approaches zero, as the density of the cell population adapts to the supply of the limiting energy source. Temporal differentiation of mycelium structure and commitment to asexual reproduction were major phenomena, apparent on biochemical, morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic level. The severe substrate limitation had a rapid negative impact on cytoplasmic processes, and promoted endo- and exogenous nutrient mobilization, and hyphal compartmentalisation. The first conidiogenic structures appeared after one day with little additional differentiation until Day 4 to 6, where a transition to full commitment to reproductive growth took place. Submerged conidiation in A. niger involved transcriptional regulation of homologs of the regulatory pathway, centered around the Bristle gene (brlA), and structural genes previously described in other aspergilli. Comparison of transcriptomes, revealed a number of co-regulated gene clusters, which appear to encode secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential. We discuss the concept of maintenance energy in the context of differentiation, a possible physiological trigger for sporulation and the special physiological adaptations of the starved mycelium. We also present a simple and efficient method for in situ retention of filamentous organisms. The dataset consists of 9 Affymetrix arrays derived from defined growth conditions of lab-scale bioreactor cultures (5L). Total RNA was extracted from biomass harvested at three different growth phases: exponential growth phase, 2 and 8 days of retentostat cultivation. For each of the phases, the data is derived from three biological replicates.

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The global transcriptional effect of exogenously added butyrolactone I on Aspergillus terreus under submerged culture

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