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Ectodini cichlid brain comparison of mating type

ABSTRACT: Throughout the animal kingdom, we know many examples of mating system evolution that exemplify adaptive responses to changes in the environment, yet our understanding of the accompanying neural and molecular mechanisms that give rise to such behavioral changes remains understudied. In the present study we aimed to define the molecular basis of interspecific variation in social organization in Ectodini cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. We selected four closely related species that represent two independent evolutions of monogamy: the polygynous Xenotilapia ochrogenys, the monogamous Xenotilapia flavipinnis, the polygynous Microdontochromis tenuidentata and the monogamous Asprotilapia leptura. Using a single cichlid microarray platform, we conducted a total of 28 direct comparisons for neural gene expression level among males and 26 among females of four species that represent 2 independent evolutions of monogamy. Our results indicate the gene expression profiles display remarkable plasticity across different time scales because we find differences associated with sex, mating system, and lineage.

OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PRJNA380642

ORGANISM(S): Xenotilapia ochrogenys Xenotilapia flavipinnis Xenotilapia leptura Haplochromis burtoni Xenotilapia tenuidentata

PROVIDER: GSE97082 | GEO | 2017/03/28

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA380642

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study is to identify genes that showed a pattern of differential expression between species within activated neurons during mirror-elicited aggression between two species of Lake Malawi cichlid fish which differ in aggressive behaviors, Mchenga conophoros (MC, sand-dwelling) and Petrotilapia chitimba (PC, rock-dwelling). To do this, we use antibodies to phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6) to enrich for transcripts bound to phosphorylated ribosomes followed by RNA-seq (PhosphoTRAP). In neurons, this phosphorylation occurs downstream of the binding of neurotransmitters and, thus, pS6 antibodies are increasingly being used as markers of neural activity, similar to immediate early genes (IEGs) like c-fos or egr-1. Methods: Whole brain mRNA samples were collected from 8 adult male cichlids (4 MC, 4 PC) 90min following either 15min exposure to mirror in home tank (Mirror Test) or a Control condition. RNA-immunoprecipitation using antibodies to pS6 were performed and RNA was extracted from immunoprecipitated (IP) RNA samples. We also collected total RNA (input), prior to immunoprecipitation. For details see extraction protocol below. RNA from both input and IP samples was reverse transcribed using the SMART-Seq v4 Ultra Low Input RNA kit. Libraries were prepped using the NEBNext Ultra II FS DNA library Prep Kit for Illumina and sequenced. Sequence reads that passed quality filters were aligned to the Metriaclima zebra (Malawi cichlid) reference genome UMD2A using HiSat2. Transcripts were quantified using StringTie and differential expressional analyses were performed using DESeq2. Results: We identified a large number of genes showing differential expression in mirror-elicited aggression, as well as many genes that differ between ecotypes. These genes, which may underly species differences in behavior, include several neuropeptides, genes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones, and neurotransmitter activity. Conclusions: This work lays the foundation for future experiments using this emerging genetic model system to investigate the genomic basis of evolved species differences in both brain and behavior.

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Ectodini cichlid brain comparison of mating type

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