ABSTRACT: The goal of this project is to analyze the metabolic pool distribution of cerebral metabolites in response to cocaine administration and withdrawal as compared to control
Project description:The goal of this project is to analyze the metabolic pool distribution of cerebral metabolites in response to cocaine administration and withdrawal as compared to control
Project description:A catalytic antioxidant (AEOL 10150) attenuates expression of inflammatory genes in stroke. White and grey matter in the distribution on the middle cerebral artery 6 hours after administration of the saline/catalytic antioxidant AEOL 10150 and ischemia/reperfusion of the MCAO; pooled mRNA from 6 brains.
Project description:To identify and quantify the relative abundances of cell-cell signaling peptides in different physiological states, LC-MS-based peptidomics workflows are commonly utilized on freshly dissected tissue. In such animal experiments, the administration of general anesthetics is an important step for many research projects. However, acute anesthetic administration may rapidly change the measured abundance of transmitter molecules and metabolites which may confound experimental results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term (< 5 min) anesthetic administration on the measured abundance pituitary peptides, as evaluated by a typical peptidomics workflow. To accomplish this goal, we compared peptide abundances in the rat pituitary following administration of 5% isoflurane, 200 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital, or no anesthetic administration using a label-free peptidomics protocol.
Project description:A catalytic antioxidant (AEOL 10150) attenuates expression of inflammatory genes in stroke. White and grey matter in the distribution on the middle cerebral artery 6 hours after administration of the saline/catalytic antioxidant AEOL 10150 and ischemia/reperfusion of the MCAO; pooled mRNA from 6 brains. Keywords = stroke, antioxidant Keywords: repeat sample
Project description:Background: Tumor necrosis factor, which exists both as a soluble (solTNF) and a transmembrane (tmTNF) protein, plays an important role in post-stroke inflammation. The objective of the present study was to test the effect of topical versus intracerebroventricular administration of XPro1595 (a solTNF inhibitor) and etanercept (a solTNF and tmTNF inhibitor) compared to saline on output measures such as infarct volume and post-stroke inflammation in mice. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were treated topically (2.5 mg/ml/1µl/hr for 3 consecutive days) or intracerebroventricularly (1.25 mg/kg/0.5 ml, once) with saline, XPro1595, or etanercept immediately after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Mice were allowed to survive 1 or 3 days. Infarct volume, microglial and leukocyte profiles, and inflammatory markers were evaluated. Results: We found that topical, and not intracerebroventricular, administration of XPro1595 reduced infarct volume at both 1 day and 3 days after pMCAO. Etanercept showed no effect. We observed no changes in microglial or leukocyte populations. XPro1595 increased gene expression of P2ry12 at 1 day and Trem2 at 1 and 3 days, while decreasing Cx3cr1 expression at 1 and 3 days after pMCAO, suggesting a change in microglial activation towards a phagocytic phenotype. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that topical administration of XPro1595 for three consecutive days decreases infarct volumes after ischemic stroke, while modifying microglial activation and the inflammatory response post-stroke. This suggests that inhibitors of solTNF hold great promise for future neuroprotective treatment in ischemic stroke.
Project description:Several studies have investigated changes induced by drug exposure, but few reports have described changes that persist following relapse. In the present study, genome-wide analysis of gene expression was conducted in rats that expressed behavioral incubation of heroin-seeking and goal-directed behavior. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is important in mediating goal-directed behavior and also was the target of this analysis. Rats were trained to self-administer heroin (0.06 mg/0.2 ml infusion) during 3 hour daily sessions for 14 days. Following the self-administration period, rats were reintroduced to the self-administration chambers for a 90-minute extinction session. The extinction session occurred either 1 day or 14 days following the final self-administration session. Behavioral data demonstrated incubation (increased expression) of heroin-seeking and goal-directed behavior after the 14 day abstinent period. Whole genome analysis was performed and selected results were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Microarrays identified 66 genes whose expression was identified as changed by at least 1.4 fold (p<0.02) following 14 days of abstinence and the 90-minute extinction session, and seven of the genes on which RT-qPCR was performed were confirmed (BDNF, Calb1, Dusp5, Dusp6, EGR1, NPY, RGS2). Ontological analysis indicates that several of the genes with changed expression in this study are important for behavior and learning. The importance of drug-seeking behavior and memory of previous sessions of drug-taking suggest that such genes may be important for relapse. The global gene expression analysis adds to the knowledge of heroin-induced changes and further highlights similarities between heroin and other drugs of abuse. Keywords: heroin self-administration cRNA from 6 rats that self-administered heroin was compared to cRNA from 5 rats that received yoked infusions of saline.
Project description:The goal of this project was to analyze the role of three different transcriptional regulator systems in regulation of gene expression