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Changes in the Canine Plasma Lipidome after Short- and Long-Term Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure

ABSTRACT: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in veterinary and human medicine. Chromic endogenous or iatrogenic GC overexposure impairs metabolic function and can result in diverse side-effects, including Cushing’s syndrome. This study examines the effects of experimentally induced short-term and long-term GC excess (induced by prednisolone and tetracosactide, respectively) on the plasma lipidome of Beale dogs. Both, long- and short-term GC resulted in significant changes of the plasma lipidome.

ORGANISM(S): Canis Lupus Familiaris Dog

TISSUE(S): Blood

SUBMITTER: Bo Burla

PROVIDER: ST001140 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Sat Jan 19 00:00:00 GMT 2019

REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench

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Project description:Glucocorticoids (GCs) have a long history of use as therapeutic agents for numerous skin diseases. Surprisingly, their specific molecular effects are largely unknown. To characterize GC action in epidermis, we compared the transcriptional profiles of primary human keratinocytes untreated and treated with dexamethasone (DEX) for 1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours using large-scale microarray analyses. The majority of genes were found regulated only after 24 hours and remained regulated throughout the treatment. In addition to expected anti-inflammatory genes, we found that GCs regulate cell fate, tissue remodeling, cell motility, differentiation and metabolism. GCs not only effectively block signaling by TNF-alpha and IL-1 but also by IFN-gamma, which was not previously known. Specifically, GCs suppress the expression of essentially all IFN-gamma-regulated genes, including IFN-gamma receptor and STAT-1. GCs also block STAT-1 activation and nuclear translocation. Unexpectedly, GCs have anti-apoptotic effects in keratinocytes by inducing the expression of anti-apoptotic and repressing pro-apoptotic genes. Consequently, GCs treatment blocked UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes. GCs have a profound effect on wound healing by inhibiting cell motility and the expression of pro-angiogenic factor VEGF. They play an important role in tissue remodeling and scar formation by suppressing the expression of TGF-beta-1 and -2, MMP1, 2, 9 and 10 and inducing TIMP-2. Finally, GCs promote terminal stages of epidermal differentiation while simultaneously inhibiting the early stages. These results provide new insights into the beneficial and adverse effects of GCs in epidermis, defining the participating genes and mechanisms that coordinate the cellular responses important for GC-based therapies. Human epidermal keratinocytes are grown in delipidized, phenolphtalein-free medium and left as controls or treated with 0.1μM dexamethasone. Time course of treated and parallel control samples over a 72 hr period was performed twice with independent batches of cells.

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Changes in the Canine Plasma Lipidome after Short- and Long-Term Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure

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