Stem cell proliferation is kept in check by the chromatin regulators Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 and Trr/MLL3/4
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PROVIDER: PRJNA529424 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Chromatin remodeling accompanies differentiation, however, its role in self-renewal is less-well understood. We report that in Drosophila the chromatin remodeler Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 limits intestinal stem cells (ISC) number and proliferation without affecting differentiation. Stem cell-specific whole-genome profiling of Kismet revealed its enrichment at transcriptionally active regions bound by RNA Polymerase II and Brahma, its recruitment to transcription start site of activated genes and developmental enhancers and its depletion from regions bound by Polycomb, Histone H1 and heterochromatin Protein 1. We demonstrate that the Trithorax-related/MLL3/4 chromatin modifier regulates ISC proliferation, colocalizes extensively with Kismet throughout ISC genome, and co-regulates genes in ISCs, including Cbl a negative regulator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Loss of kismet or trr leads to elevated levels of EGFR protein and signaling, thereby promoting ISC self-renewal. We propose that Kismet with Trr establishes a chromatin state that limits EGFR proliferative signaling, preventing tumor-like stem cell overgrowths.
2019-03-28 | GSE128941 | GEO
Project description:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) constitute the main proliferative cells in the adult brain, and deregulation of OPC proliferation-differentiation balance results in either glioma formation or defective adaptive (re)myelination. OPC differentiation requires significant genetic reprogramming implicating chromatin remodeling. Mounting evidence indicates that chromatin remodelers play important roles during normal development and their mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental defects, with CHD7 haploinsuficiency being the cause of CHARGE syndrome and CHD8 being one of the strongest Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) high-risk associated genes. Here, we report on uncharacterized functions of the chromatin remodelers Chd7 and Chd8 in OPCs. Their OPC-chromatin-binding profile combined with transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analyses of Chd7-deleted OPCs, demonstrates that Chd7 protects non-proliferative OPCs from apoptosis by chromatin-closing and transcriptional repression of p53. Furthermore, Chd7 controls OPC differentiation through chromatin-opening and transcriptional activation of key regulators, including Sox10, Nkx2.2 and Gpr17. Chd7 is however dispensable for oligodendrocyte stage progression, consistent with Chd8 compensatory function, as suggested by their common chromatin binding profiles and genetic interaction. Finally, CHD7 and CHD8 bind in OPCs to a majority of ASD-risk associated genes, suggesting an implication of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in ASD neurological defects. Our results thus offer new avenues to understand and modulate the CHD7 and CHD8 functions in normal development and disease.
2018-08-29 | GSE116600 | GEO
Project description:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) constitute the main proliferative cells in the adult brain, and deregulation of OPC proliferation-differentiation balance results in either glioma formation or defective adaptive (re)myelination. OPC differentiation requires significant genetic reprogramming implicating chromatin remodeling. Mounting evidence indicates that chromatin remodelers play important roles during normal development and their mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental defects, with CHD7 haploinsuficiency being the cause of CHARGE syndrome and CHD8 being one of the strongest Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) high-risk associated genes. Here, we report on uncharacterized functions of the chromatin remodelers Chd7 and Chd8 in OPCs. Their OPC-chromatin-binding profile combined with transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analyses of Chd7-deleted OPCs, demonstrates that Chd7 protects non-proliferative OPCs from apoptosis by chromatin-closing and transcriptional repression of p53. Furthermore, Chd7 controls OPC differentiation through chromatin-opening and transcriptional activation of key regulators, including Sox10, Nkx2.2 and Gpr17. Chd7 is however dispensable for oligodendrocyte stage progression, consistent with Chd8 compensatory function, as suggested by their common chromatin binding profiles and genetic interaction. Finally, CHD7 and CHD8 bind in OPCs to a majority of ASD-risk associated genes, suggesting an implication of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in ASD neurological defects. Our results thus offer new avenues to understand and modulate the CHD7 and CHD8 functions in normal development and disease.
2018-08-29 | GSE116599 | GEO
Project description:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) constitute the main proliferative cells in the adult brain, and deregulation of OPC proliferation-differentiation balance results in either glioma formation or defective adaptive (re)myelination. OPC differentiation requires significant genetic reprogramming implicating chromatin remodeling. Here, we report on uncharacterized functions of the chromatin remodelers Chd7 and Chd8 in OPCs. Their OPC-chromatin-binding profile combined with transcriptome and open-chromatin analysis of Chd7-deleted OPCs, demonstrates that Chd7 controls OPC differentiation through chromatin-opening and transcriptional activation of key regulators such as Sox10, Nkx2.2 and Gpr17. Chd7 is however dispensable for oligodendrocyte stage progression, consistent with Chd8 compensatory function, as suggested by its chromatin binding profile. Furthermore, Chd7 protects non-proliferative OPCs from apoptosis by chromatin-closing and transcriptional repression of p53. Mutations in CHD7 and CHD8 are associated with developmental disorders, such as CHARGE syndrome and autism respectively, and our results offer new avenues to understand and modulate their functions in disease.
2018-08-29 | GSE116598 | GEO
Project description:Chromatin remodeling accompanies differentiation, however, its role in self-renewal is less well understood. We report that in Drosophila, the chromatin remodeler Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 limits intestinal stem cell (ISC) number and proliferation without affecting differentiation. Stem-cell-specific whole-genome profiling of Kismet revealed its enrichment at transcriptionally active regions bound by RNA polymerase II and Brahma, its recruitment to the transcription start site of activated genes and developmental enhancers and its depletion from regions bound by Polycomb, Histone H1, and heterochromatin Protein 1. We demonstrate that the Trithorax-related/MLL3/4 chromatin modifier regulates ISC proliferation, colocalizes extensively with Kismet throughout the ISC genome, and co-regulates genes in ISCs, including Cbl, a negative regulator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Loss of kismet or trr leads to elevated levels of EGFR protein and signaling, thereby promoting ISC self-renewal. We propose that Kismet with Trr establishes a chromatin state that limits EGFR proliferative signaling, preventing tumor-like stem cell overgrowths.
| S-EPMC6547167 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mono-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1) and acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27ac) are histone modifications that are highly enriched over the body of actively transcribed genes and enhancers. Although in yeast all H3K4 methylation patterns including H3K4me1 are implemented by Set1/COMPASS, there are three classes of COMPASS-like complexes in Drosophila that could carry out H3K4me1 on enhancers: dSet1, Trithorax and Trithorax-related (Trr). Here, we report that Trr, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Mll3/4, can function as a major H3K4 mono-methyltransferase on enhancers in vivo. Loss of Trr results in a global decrease of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in various tissues. Assays with the cut wing margin enhancer imply a functional role for Trr in enhancer-mediated processes. A genome-wide analysis demonstrates that Trr is required for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac on chromatin signatures that resemble the histone modification patterns described for enhancers. Since Trr and mammalian Mll3/4 complexes are distinguished by bearing a unique subunit, the H3K27 demethylase UTX, we propose a model in which the H3K4 mono-methyltransferase Trr, and the H3K27 demethylase, UTX, cooperate to regulate the transition from inactive/poised to active enhancers. ChIP-seq of Trr, LPT, UTX in Drosophila S2 Cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 in WT and Trr knock-down Drosophila S2 cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1, H3K27me3 in LPT knock-down Drosophila S2 cells. ChIP-seq of LPT and UTX in Trr knock-down Drosophila S2 cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1 and H3K27me3 in MLL1(+/+), MLL1(-/-), MLL3(+/+), and MLL3(-/-) Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs).
2012-12-01 | E-GEOD-41440 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Catalytic-inactivating mutations within the Drosophila enhancer H3K4 monomethyltransferase Trr and its mammalian homologs, MLL3/4, cause only minor changes in gene expression compared to whole-gene deletions for these COMPASS members. To identify essential histone methylatransferase-independent functions of Trr, we screened to identify a minimal Trr domain sufficient to rescue Trr-null lethality and demonstrate that this domain binds and stabilizes Utx in vivo. Using the homologous MLL3/MLL4 human sequences, we mapped a short ~80 amino acid UTX-Stabilization-Domain (USD) that promotes UTX stability in the absence of the rest of MLL3/4. Nuclear UTX stability is enhanced when the USD is fused with the MLL4 HMG-box. Thus, COMPASS-dependent UTX stabilization is an essential non-catalytic function of Trr/MLL3/MLL4, suggesting that stabilizing UTX could be a therapeutic strategy for cancers with MLL3/4 loss-of-function mutations.
2020-10-08 | GSE158672 | GEO
Project description:Mono-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me1) and acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27ac) are histone modifications that are highly enriched over the body of actively transcribed genes and enhancers. Although in yeast all H3K4 methylation patterns including H3K4me1 are implemented by Set1/COMPASS, there are three classes of COMPASS-like complexes in Drosophila that could carry out H3K4me1 on enhancers: dSet1, Trithorax and Trithorax-related (Trr). Here, we report that Trr, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Mll3/4, can function as a major H3K4 mono-methyltransferase on enhancers in vivo. Loss of Trr results in a global decrease of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in various tissues. Assays with the cut wing margin enhancer imply a functional role for Trr in enhancer-mediated processes. A genome-wide analysis demonstrates that Trr is required for H3K4me1 and H3K27ac on chromatin signatures that resemble the histone modification patterns described for enhancers. Since Trr and mammalian Mll3/4 complexes are distinguished by bearing a unique subunit, the H3K27 demethylase UTX, we propose a model in which the H3K4 mono-methyltransferase Trr, and the H3K27 demethylase, UTX, cooperate to regulate the transition from inactive/poised to active enhancers.
2012-12-01 | GSE41440 | GEO
Project description:Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) can be mono-, di-, and trimethylated by members of the COMPASS (COMplex of Proteins ASsociated with Set1) family from yeast to human and these modifications can be found at distinct regions of the genome. Monomethylation of histone H3K4 (H3K4me1) is relatively more enriched at metazoan enhancer regions compared to trimethylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3), which are found at transcription start sites in all eukaryotes. Our recent studies in Drosophila demonstrated that the Trithorax-related (Trr) branch of the COMPASS family regulates enhancer activity and is responsible for the implementation of H3K4me1 at these regions. There are six COMPASS family members in mammals, two of which, MLL3 and MLL4, are most closely related to Drosophila Trr. Here, we use ChIP-seq of this class of COMPASS family members in both human HCT116 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells and find that MLL4 is preferentially found at enhancer regions. MLL3 and MLL4 are frequently mutated in cancer, and indeed, the widely used HCT116 cancer cell line contains inactivating mutations in the MLL3 gene. Using HCT116 cells in which MLL4 has also been knocked out, we demonstrate that MLL4 is a major regulator of H3K4me1 in these cells, with the greatest loss of monomethylation at enhancer regions. Moreover, we found a redundant role between Mll3 and Mll4 in enhancer H3K4 monomethylation in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. These findings suggest that mammalian MLL3/MLL4 function in the regulation of enhancer activity and enhancer-promoter communication during gene expression and that mutations of MLL3 and MLL4 found in cancer could exert their properties through enhancer malfunction. ChIP-Seq in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells for MLL4. ChIP-seq of MLL4 and p300 in human parental HCT116 cells. ChIP-seq of H3K4me1, H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 in parental HCT116 cells and HCT116 cells with Mll4∆set.
2013-09-30 | E-GEOD-51176 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To uncover how CHD8 regulates terminal erythropoiesis, we performed CUT&RUN assays to check the direct binding of CHD8 on the target genes in terminal erythroblasts. In addition, we perfromed RNA sequence in sorted ProEs from WT, P53 KO and Chd8 P53 DKO mice to identify the differentially expressed genes due to loss of CHD8.
2022-07-19 | GSE189853 | GEO