Project description:The different parts of wheat grain endosperm at 25 days after anthesis were collected. Transcriptome analysis were conducted to investigate the differentially expressed transcript between inner and puter parts of endosperm. The study provide some useful information for understanding the protein gradient distribution in endosperm.
Project description:The aim of this project is to highlight cell wall proteome of wheat developing at two key stage of its development (150 GDD : middle of endosperm cellularisation and 250 GDD : start of grain filling with storage compounds). It's the first study of wheat grain cell wall proteome in which endosperm were separated of outer layers in order to gain more information about the mechanisms of cell wall assembly and remodeling.
Project description:Transcriptome of starchy endosperm of hexaploid wheat var. Cadenza at 5 stages during grain-fill. This provides a reference set of all genes which are expressed in this single cell type during development which is of huge importance for human nutrition and for industrial uses of wheat grain. Here we focus on genes in glycosyl transferase and glycosyl hydrolase families which are responsible for the non-starch polysaccharide composition of wheat flour.
Project description:The aim of this project is to highlight cell wall proteome of wheat developing at a key stage of its development (=250 GDD, start of grain filling with storage compounds). It's the first study in which endosperm were separated of outer layers in order to gain more information about the mechanisms of cell wall assembly and remodeling.
Project description:To analyse the regulation of transcripts in grain embryo and endosperm during development, we performed RNA-Seq for wheat from 14 and 25 day post anthesis (DPA). And long-read sequencing for mixed whole grains from 14 and 25 DPA was employed to obtain full-length transcripts. A series of differentially expressed genes and tissues-specific genes of embryo and endosperm were identified. Moreover, 4351, 4641, 4516 and 4453 genes with A, B and D homoeoloci were detected in the four tissues. These provide specific gene pools of embryo and endosperm and homoeolog expression bias model in a large scale, which provides new insights into the molecular physiology of wheat.
Project description:PHS1 is a plastidial α-glucan phosphorylase that can elongate and degrade maltooligosaccharides (MOS), but its exact physiological role in plants is poorly understood. Here, we discover a specialised role of PHS1 in establishing the unique bimodal characteristic of starch granules in the wheat endosperm. Wheat endosperm contains large A-type granules that initiate at early grain development, and small B-type granules that initiate in later grain development. We demonstrate that PHS1 interacts with BGC1 – a carbohydrate-binding protein essential for normal B-type granule initiation. Mutants of tetraploid durum wheat deficient in all homeologs of PHS1 had normal A-type granules, but fewer and larger B-type granules. Further, using a double mutant defective in both PHS1 and BGC1, we show that PHS1 is exclusively involved in B-type granule initiation. Grain size and starch content were not affected by the mutations. In leaves, the total starch content and number of starch granules per chloroplast were not affected by loss of PHS1, suggesting that its role in granule initiation in wheat is limited to the endosperm. We therefore propose that the initiation of A- and B-type granules occur by distinct biochemical mechanisms, where PHS1 plays an exclusive role in B-type granule initiation.
Project description:Grain filling and proper grain development are essential biological processes in the plant’s life cycle, which majorly contributes to the final seed yield and quality in all cereal crop. However, very scarcely this knowledge is available in the literature regarding how the different wheat grain components contribute to the overall development of the seed. We performed a proteomics and metabolomics analysis in four different developing components of the wheat grain (seed coat, embryo, endosperm and cavity fluid) to characterize molecular processes during early and late grain development. In-gel shotgun proteomics analysis in 12, 15, 20 and 25 days after anthesis (DAA) lead us to identify and quantify 15,484 proteins out of which 410 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the seed coat, 815 in embryo, 372 in endosperm and 492 in cavity fluid. The abundance of selected protein candidates revealed spatially and temporally resolved protein functions associated with development and grain filling. Multiple proteins such as pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and 14 -3- 3 undergo a major change in abundance during wheat grain development. Proteins binned into the functional category of cell growth /division were highly expressed during early stages (12 and 15 DAA) whereas those of starch biosynthesis in the middle or late stages. At the metabolome level all tissues and especially the cavity fluid showed highly distinct metabolite profiles. The tissue specific data are integrated with biochemical networks to explore a comprehensive map of molecular processes during grain filling and developmental processes.
Project description:Regulation of grain size is a crucial strategy for improving crop yield and is also a fundamental aspect of developmental biology. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing grain development in wheat remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a wheat atypical basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, TabHLH489, which is tightly associated with grain length through genome-wide association study and map-based cloning. Knockout of TabHLH489 and its homologous genes resulted in increased grain length and weight, whereas overexpression led to decreased grain length and weight. TaSnRK1α1, the α-catalytic subunit of plant energy sensor SnRK1, interacted with and phosphorylated TabHLH489 to induce its degradation, thereby promoting wheat grain development. Sugar treatment induced TaSnRK1α1 protein accumulation while reducing TabHLH489 protein levels. Moreover, brassinosteroid (BR) promotes grain development by decreasing TabHLH489 expression through the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Importantly, natural variations in the promoter region of TabHLH489 affect the TaBZR1 binding ability, thereby influencing TabHLH489 expression. Taken together, our findings reveal that the TaSnRK1α1-TabHLH489 regulatory module integrates BR and sugar signaling to regulate grain length, presenting potential targets for enhancing grain size in wheat.