Sporisorium reilianum
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA64603 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease in maize. Head smut is not obvious until the tassels and ears emerge. S. reilianum has a very long life cycle that spans almost the entire developmental program of maize after the pathogen successfully invades the root. The aim of this study was to understand at a molecular level how this pathogen interacts with the host during its long life cycle, and how this interaction differs between susceptible and resistant varieties of maize after hyphal invasion. We investigated transcriptional changes in the resistant maize line Mo17 at four developmental stages using a maize 70mer-oligonucleotide microarray. We found that there was a lengthy compatible relationship between the pathogen and host until the early 8th-leaf stage. The resistance in Mo17 relied on the assignment of auxins and regulation of flavonoids in the early floral primordium during the early floral transition stage. We propose a model describing the putative mechanism of head smut resistance in Mo17 during floral transition. In the model, the synergistic regulations among auxins, flavonoids, and hyphal growth play a key role in maintaining compatibility with S. reilianum in the resistant maize line
2013-01-29 | GSE41916 | GEO
Project description:Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease in maize. Head smut is not obvious until the tassels and ears emerge. S. reilianum has a very long life cycle that spans almost the entire developmental program of maize after the pathogen successfully invades the root. The aim of this study was to understand at a molecular level how this pathogen interacts with the host during its long life cycle, and how this interaction differs between susceptible and resistant varieties of maize after hyphal invasion. We investigated transcriptional changes in the resistant maize line Mo17 at four developmental stages using a maize 70mer-oligonucleotide microarray. We found that there was a lengthy compatible relationship between the pathogen and host until the early 8th-leaf stage. The resistance in Mo17 relied on the assignment of auxins and regulation of flavonoids in the early floral primordium during the early floral transition stage. We propose a model describing the putative mechanism of head smut resistance in Mo17 during floral transition. In the model, the synergistic regulations among auxins, flavonoids, and hyphal growth play a key role in maintaining compatibility with S. reilianum in the resistant maize line After inoculation using the hyphae of S. reilianum, the shoot apexes of inoculated Mo17 (resistant maize line) that contained hyphae but displayed normal morphology were collected for RNA extraction at at four vegetative stages; the 2nd-, 4th-, 6th-, and 8th-leaf stages. RNA samples from mock-inoculated and inocultated Mo17 were hybridized to the 46K maize 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray. Hybridization was performed in three biological replicates with Cy5/Cy3 dye swap as technical replicates.
2013-01-29 | E-GEOD-41916 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The biotrophic fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis cause common smut in maize, and lead to gall formation on all aerial organs, especially on maize kernel thus reduce yield. The interaction of U. maydis with maize is a well-established model to study the interaction between maize and biotrophic pathogen. U. maydis infection could activate host immune responses including: ROS accumulation, protease activation, salicylic acid signaling. U. maydis employ several strategies to overcome maize immune response, thus initial the biotrophic interaction with host. It has been suggested that genetic factors of maize host affected the disease severity of U. maydis infection, here we investigated the transcriptome profile of resistance and susceptible maize lines upon U. maydis infection, thus propose candidate maize genes involved in the defense response in maize to corn smut cause by U. maydis.
2021-04-15 | GSE172071 | GEO
Project description:The maize smut fungus, Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae, which is an important biotrophic pathogen responsible for extensive crop losses, infects maize by invading the root during the early seedling stage. In order to investigate disease-resistance mechanisms at this early seedling stage, digital gene expression (DGE) analysis, which applies a dual-enzyme approach (DpnII and NlaIII), was used to identify the transcriptional changes in roots of Huangzao4 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant) after inoculation with teliospores of S. reilianum. Before and after inoculation, pathogenesis-related genes were differentially regulated and enzymes involved in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels showed different activity between Huangzao4 and Mo17, which can potentially lead to changes in the growth of S. reilianum and ROS production in maize. Moreover, lignin depositions of roots were also changed differentially during root colonization of hyphae between Huangzao4 and Mo17. These results suggest that the interplays between S. reilianum and maize during the early infection stage involve many interesting transcriptional and physiological changes, which offer several novel insights for understanding the mechanisms of resistance to the fungal infection.
2012-12-03 | GSE40952 | GEO
Project description:The maize smut fungus, Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae, which is an important biotrophic pathogen responsible for extensive crop losses, infects maize by invading the root during the early seedling stage. In order to investigate disease-resistance mechanisms at this early seedling stage, digital gene expression (DGE) analysis, which applies a dual-enzyme approach (DpnII and NlaIII), was used to identify the transcriptional changes in roots of Huangzao4 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant) after inoculation with teliospores of S. reilianum. Before and after inoculation, pathogenesis-related genes were differentially regulated and enzymes involved in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels showed different activity between Huangzao4 and Mo17, which can potentially lead to changes in the growth of S. reilianum and ROS production in maize. Moreover, lignin depositions of roots were also changed differentially during root colonization of hyphae between Huangzao4 and Mo17. These results suggest that the interplays between S. reilianum and maize during the early infection stage involve many interesting transcriptional and physiological changes, which offer several novel insights for understanding the mechanisms of resistance to the fungal infection. Examination of control stage (ck), post-inoculation stage1 (P1) and post-inoculation stage2 (P2) in Huangzao4 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant)
2012-12-03 | E-GEOD-40952 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We show that combinations of organic acids and glucose trigger phenotypes associated with the late stage of biotrophy for the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis. These phenotypes include the expression of a set of effectors normally observed only during biotrophic development as well as the formation of melanin associated with sporulation in plant tumors.
2022-12-31 | GSE194157 | GEO
Project description:Head smut of maize, which is caused by the Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. Zeae (Kühn), has been a serious disease in maize. In order to find head smut resistant candidate genes, microarrays were used to monitor the gene expression profiles between disease resistant near isogenic lines (NIL) L282 and L43, highly resistant inbred line Q319 and highly susceptible inbred line Huangzao4 after 0 to7 days post inoculation of S.reiliana by artificial inoculation method.
2012-08-16 | GSE40052 | GEO
Project description:The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis establishes a biotrophic relationship with its host plant maize. Hallmarks of the disease are large plant tumors in which fungal proliferation occurs. Plants have developed various defense pathways to cope with pathogens. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression during the infection process of Ustilago maydis in its host plant to get insights into the defense programs and the metabolic reprogramming needed to supply the fungus with nutrients. Keywords: time course
2008-03-01 | GSE10023 | GEO
Project description:Southern corn rust (SCR) is one of destructive diseases in maize caused by Puccinia polysora Undrew. (P. polysara), widely occurring in warm-temperate and tropical regions globally. To identify candidate SCR resistance-related proteins and understand the molecular mechanism underlaying the maize and P. polysara interaction, comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistance maize lines was performed. A total of 6,612 proteins were successfully identified using an iTRAQ-based proteomic approach. Fold changes and statistical analysis demonstrated that 687 proteins increased and 802 proteins decreased in the resistant line, while 571 increased and 464 decreased in the susceptible line. One remorin protein, namely ZmREM1.3 (B4G1B0), was significantly induced by SCR in the resistant genotype, while decreased in susceptible genotype after P. polysara infection. Plant-specific remorin proteins have been shown to play important roles during microbial infection and plant signaling processes. Transgenic analysis showed that overexpression of ZmREM1.3 in maize confers enhanced resistance to the biotrophic fungal pathogen SCR. Upon pathogen challenge, the ZmREM1.3-overexpressing plants accumulated higher levels of defense hormones, SA and JA. Moreover, stronger induction of defense gene expression was also observed in ZmREM1.3-overexpressing maize plants in response to SCR infection. Taken together, our results support that ZmREM1.3 plays a positive role in regulating the maize defense against SCR likely through SA/JA-mediated defense signaling pathways. This is the first attempt for large scale analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlaying the maize and P. polysara interaction at the proteomic level, and the first evidence for remorin protein family in resistant to fungal disease.
2019-04-18 | PXD008904 | Pride
Project description:Many of the genes coding for secreted protein effectors are arranged in gene clusters in the genome of the biotrophic plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. The largest of these gene clusters, cluster 19A, encodes 24 secreted effectors. Deletion of the entire cluster results in severe attenuation of virulence. The generation and analysis strains carrying sub-deletions identified 9 genes significantly contributing to tumor formation after seedling infection. As the individual contributions of these genes to tumor formation were small, we studied the response of maize plants to the whole cluster mutant as well as to several individual mutants by array analysis. This revealed distinct plant responses, demonstrating that the respective effectors have discrete plant targets. Many of the genes coding for secreted protein effectors are arranged in gene clusters in the genome of the biotrophic plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. The largest of these gene clusters, cluster 19A, encodes 24 secreted effectors. Deletion of the entire cluster results in severe attenuation of virulence. The generation and analysis strains carrying sub-deletions identified 9 genes significantly contributing to tumor formation after seedling infection. As the individual contributions of these genes to tumor formation were small, we studied the response of maize plants to the whole cluster mutant as well as to several individual mutants by array analysis. This revealed distinct plant responses, demonstrating that the respective effectors have discrete plant targets. We used the Affymetrix maize genome array to analyze the transcriptional responses of maize to cluster 19A mutants and individual sub-deletions for the cluster 19A genes tin1, tin3, tin4 and tin5. We found plant responses to the mutants were significantly different although the macroscopic phenotypes of the individual mutants were very similar.
2014-09-01 | GSE48406 | GEO