Project description:Metals, including copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are among the most common contaminants in soils in Europe. Although their effects are relatively well known regarding survival and reproduction of soil invertebrates, their modes of action in these organisms are still poorly studied. Enchytraeus albidus has been used in soil ecotoxicology for many years, and more recently has a gene library and an oligonucleotide microarray for this species which allowed gene expression studies. This has potentiated the means to study further in depth the mechanisms of response to stressors. The main aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of response of E. albidus to Cu and Ni. For that we have 1) assessed and compared the transcriptomic profile of E. albidus in response to Cu and Ni and 2) compared the Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn transcriptomic profiles. For the microarray hybridizations, E. albidus were exposed to the reproduction effect concentrations EC50 and EC90 of Cu and Ni during 4 days. Results indicate that Cu and Ni have to some extent, similar mechanisms of toxicity and that have already been identified in other species, indicating cross-species conserved mechanisms. Based on hierarchical clustering, it was possible to observe a clear separation of Cd treatments from all other metals. This separation strongly correlates with the available information regarding the toxicokinetics of the tested metals, in which Ni shows properties similar to essential metals. Gene expression in E.albidus was measured 4 days after exposure to Copper, Nickel, Cadmium and Zinc at 2 concentrations of effect on reprocduction (EC50 and EC90). Three biological replicates per exposure condition and 6 biological replicates of control conditions were used.
Project description:Metals, including copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are among the most common contaminants in soils in Europe. Although their effects are relatively well known regarding survival and reproduction of soil invertebrates, their modes of action in these organisms are still poorly studied. Enchytraeus albidus has been used in soil ecotoxicology for many years, and more recently has a gene library and an oligonucleotide microarray for this species which allowed gene expression studies. This has potentiated the means to study further in depth the mechanisms of response to stressors. The main aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of response of E. albidus to Cu and Ni. For that we have 1) assessed and compared the transcriptomic profile of E. albidus in response to Cu and Ni and 2) compared the Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn transcriptomic profiles. For the microarray hybridizations, E. albidus were exposed to the reproduction effect concentrations EC50 and EC90 of Cu and Ni during 4 days. Results indicate that Cu and Ni have to some extent, similar mechanisms of toxicity and that have already been identified in other species, indicating cross-species conserved mechanisms. Based on hierarchical clustering, it was possible to observe a clear separation of Cd treatments from all other metals. This separation strongly correlates with the available information regarding the toxicokinetics of the tested metals, in which Ni shows properties similar to essential metals.
Project description:In this study, the metabolic adjustments performed by maize (Zea mays L) seminal roots exposed to 25 µM Cd2+ or 25 µM Cu2+ at pre-emergence are compared, focusing on the proteomic changes after metal exposure. Root width was increased, and root length was decreased after 72 h of metal treatment. Both metals induced H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the root tip. These changes were accompanied by increases in lipoxygenase activity and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal content. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the abundance of 38 water-soluble metabolites was significantly modified by Cd and Cu exposure; this set of metabolites comprised carboxylic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and unidentified phenolic compounds. Linoleic acid content significantly decreased in Cu-treated samples. The total amount of proteins detected in maize root apexes was 2,171. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially accumulated proteins was performed to detect pathways probably affected by metal additions. Both metals altered redox homeostasis, up-regulated oxylipins biosynthetic process, and shifted metabolism towards the oxidative pentose-phosphate in the root apexes. However, the methionine salvage pathway appears as a key metabolic module only under Cd stress. The integrative analysis carried out in this study suggests that most molecular features behind the reprogramming of maize root tips to cope with cadmium and copper toxicity are common, but some are not.
Project description:The aim of this study is to do a side-by-side comparison of the transcriptomes that are regulated under Cu and Cd stress at the early stage in rice roots. The comparison of transcriptomes between Cu and Cd treatments and the application of bioinformatics procedures (e.g. regulated gene analysis) are potentially useful approaches for determining the both general and individual early responses triggered by each metal. Identify genes and pathways that would discriminate among the actions of Cu and Cd.
Project description:The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the environment due to anthropogenic influences. It is unessential and harmful to all life forms. The plant cell wall forms a physical barrier against environmental stress and changes in the cell wall structure have been observed upon Cd exposure. In the current study, changes in the cell wall composition and structure of Medicago sativa stems were investigated after long-term exposure to Cd. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantitative protein analysis was complemented with targeted gene expression analysis and combined with analyses of the cell wall composition. Compared to most studies the plants were exposed to the heavy metal for an entire season, including the repeated cutting of the above-ground biomass as is done in agriculture.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of genes recoverd by Arabidopsis Col-4 line. The roots were exposed to Al, Cd, Cu and NaCl stressed conditions, then genes recovered expression were analyzed. Goal is identification of the genes worked for milder rhizotoxic ion stresses.
Project description:Drought and salinity reduce plant growth and grain yield in wheat. To explain the role of Cu and Fe NPs in the improvement of growth and yield of wheat varieties, gel-free proteomic technique was used. Spike length, number of grains per spike, and 100 grain weight were increased at 25 ppm Cu and Fe NPs in high yielding galaxy-13, drought tolerant Pakistan-13, and salinity tolerant NARC-11. A total of 86, 131, and 30 proteins were significantly changed in abundance under Cu and Fe NPs exposure. The number of proteins related to stress, proteins, and glycolysis were mainly changed by Cu and Fe NPs exposure. By Cu NPs, in galaxy-13 starch degradation and glycolysis pathway were increased, while decreased in Pakistan-13 and NARC-11. Furthermore, by Fe NPs, only in galaxy-13 tricarboxylic acid cycle was increased while did not change glycolysis and starch degradation. Uptake of Cu NPs increased at 25 ppm in galaxy-13, Pakistan-13 and NARC-11 while Fe NPs uptake increased only at 35 and 40 ppm in NARC-11.
Project description:To gain insight into the basic mechanism of Cd detoxification in the methylotrophic yeast, H. polymorpha, we analyzed temporal changes in transcriptional profiles in response to Cd exposure. We used H. polymorpha whole-genome cDNA microarrays, which contain 98% of all H. polymorpha ORFs in duplicate or triplicate. Keywords: time course, cadmium