Dataset Information

Evolutionary proteomics uncovers ciliary signaling components

ABSTRACT: Cilia are organelles specialized for movement and signaling. To infer when during animal evolution signaling pathways became associated with cilia, we characterized the proteomes of cilia from three organisms: sea urchins, sea anemones and choanoflagellates. From these ciliomes, we identified 437 high confidence ciliary candidate proteins conserved in mammals, including known regulators of Hh, GPCR and TRP channel signaling. The phylogenetic profiles of their ciliary association indicate that the Hh and GPCR pathways were linked to cilia before the origin of bilateria and TRP channels before the origin of animals. We demonstrated that some of the candidates not previously implicated in ciliary biology localized to cilia and further investigated ENKUR, a TRP channel-interacting protein that we identified in the cilia of all three organisms. In animals, ENKUR is expressed by cells with motile cilia, ENKUR localizes to cilia in diverse organisms and, in both Xenopus laevis and mice, ENKUR is required for patterning the left/right axis. Moreover, mutation of ENKUR causes situs inversus in humans. Thus, proteomic profiling of cilia from diverse eukaryotes defines a conserved ciliary proteome, reveals ancient connections to Hh, GPCR and TRP channel signaling, and uncovers a novel ciliary protein that controls vertebrate development and human disease.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap

ORGANISM(S): Nematostella Vectensis

SUBMITTER: Jeffrey Johnson

LAB HEAD: Jeremy Reiter

PROVIDER: PXD006632 | Pride | 2019-12-16

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Evolutionary Proteomics Uncovers Ancient Associations of Cilia with Signaling Pathways.

Sigg Monika Abedin MA Menchen Tabea T Lee Chanjae C Johnson Jeffery J Jungnickel Melissa K MK Choksi Semil P SP Garcia Galo G Busengdal Henriette H Dougherty Gerard W GW Pennekamp Petra P Werner Claudius C Rentzsch Fabian F Florman Harvey M HM Krogan Nevan N Wallingford John B JB Omran Heymut H Reiter Jeremy F JF

Developmental cell 20171201 6

Cilia are organelles specialized for movement and signaling. To infer when during evolution signaling pathways became associated with cilia, we characterized the proteomes of cilia from sea urchins, sea anemones, and choanoflagellates. We identified 437 high-confidence ciliary candidate proteins conserved in mammals and discovered that Hedgehog and G-protein-coupled receptor pathways were linked to cilia before the origin of bilateria and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels before the or ...[more]

PMID: 29257953

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Project description:Misactivation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway can cause cancers such as medulloblastomas, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, and basal cell carcinomas, the most common cancer in the United States. Hedgehog signals are transmitted through primary cilia, where Hedgehog ligands bind to Patched1 and activate Smoothened through interactions with cilia-associated sterol lipids. The gene expression programs driving cellular responses to ciliary Hh signals are incompletely understood. Thus, to define Hh target genes, we performed RNA sequencing of cells after treatment with Hh ligands (Shh, Dhh, Ihh), cilia-associated lipids (7b,27-dihydroxycholesterol, 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol), or synthetic lipids or small molecules that activate Smoothened (20(S)-hydroxycholesterol, SAG). Treatment with Hh pathway agonists identified a core gene expression program comprised of 155 genes driving lipid synthesis, metabolism, signaling, adhesion, or angiogenesis. These datasets were integrated with RNA sequencing of Hh-human medulloblastomas (n=?), a Math1-Cre SmoM2 mouse genetic model of Hh-associated medulloblastoma (n=?), and human basal cell carcinomas (n=10) to ascertain how malignant Hh signaling differs from canonical Hh signaling. We discover a conserved response to ciliary Hh signals in human or mouse medulloblastomas, including known target genes such as Gli1 or Ptch1, and novel target genes such as Hsd11b1 or Retnla. Importantly, mechanistic studies reveal Hsd11b1 to be a putative negative regulator of Hh signaling that is dysregulated in malignancies. We further demonstrate Retnla to be a positive regulator of Hh signaling that drives expression of Hsd11b2, a druggable dependency underlying Hedgehog-associated medulloblastoma. Orthotopic implantation of neuroepithelial stem cells that overexpress either Hsd11b1 and Retnla demonstrate that tumors derived Hsd11ß1 overexpression are more primitive and less aggressive whereas Retnla overexpression forms tumors that are more differentiated and behave more aggressively. In sum, we illuminate the first comprehensive transcriptome of Hh signaling and highlight the intricate interplay between Hh signaling and lipid metabolism that Hh-dependent malignancies dysregulate to drive tumor progression.

Project description:Background. Primary cilia (PC) are solitary antennae present at the cell surface. These non-motile cilia play an important role in organ development and tissue homeostasis through the transduction of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. We recently revealed the presence of PC in the epithelium of the developing epididymis, an organ of the male reproductive system whose dysfunction triggers male infertility. Acknowledging that systemic blockade of the Hh pathway trigger epididymal dysfunctions in vivo, our main goals were 1) to portray the epididymal Hh environment, 2) to determine the direct responsiveness of epididymal epithelial cells to Hh, and 3) to define the contribution of PC to the transduction of this pathway. Results. The Hh ligands Indian and Sonic hedgehog (Ihh and Shh) were respectively located in principal and clear cells of the mouse epididymis by immunofluorescent staining. The propensity of epididymal principal cells to respond to Hh signaling was assessed on immortalized epididymal DC2 cells by western-blot, confocal imaging and 3D-reconstruction. Our results indicate that epididymal principal cells secrete Ihh and expose PC that co-localize with the conventional acetylated tubulin/Arl13b ciliary markers, as well as with GLI3 Hh signaling factor. Gene expression microarray profiling indicated that the expression of 43 and 248 genes was respectively and significantly modified following pharmacological treatment of DC2 cells with the Hh agonist SAG (250 nM) or the Hh antagonist cyclopamine (20 µM) compared with the control. Among Hh target genes identified, 6.7 % presented perfect matches for GLI-transcription factor consensus sequences, and the majority belonged to interferon-dependent immune response and lipocalin 2 pathways. Finally, the contribution of epididymal PC to the transduction of canonical Hh pathway was validated by ciliobrevinD treatment, which induced a significant decrease of PC length and the expressional reduction of Hh signalling targets. Conclusions. All together our data indicate that PC from epithelial principal cells regulate gene expression profile through a possible autocrine Hh signaling. This provides new hypotheses regarding the potential contribution of PC and Hh signaling in intercellular cross-talk and immunological regulation of the epididymis.

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