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Taphonomy and Negative Results: An Integrated Approach to Ceramic-bound Protein Residue Analysis

ABSTRACT: Despite the growing body of evidence demonstrating that proteins can survive for thousands to even millions of years in selected contexts, there are relatively few examples of the successful recovery and identification of archaeological protein residues from ceramic artifacts. Claims of positive results are sometimes contentious and frequently challenged. One source of confusion in the debate is a general lack of consideration for the taphonomic histories of ceramic-bound proteins. To gain insight into this issue, we conducted an integrated, mass-spectrometry-based study examining ceramic-bound protein that was experimentally aged over the course of 12 months. By documenting the degradation of proteins after 1, 6 and 12 months of aging, we were able to provide insight into our lack of meaningful results obtained from a selection of archaeological ceramics.

INSTRUMENT(S): Agilent instrument model

ORGANISM(S): Bos Taurus (bovine)

TISSUE(S): Blood Serum

SUBMITTER: andrew barker

LAB HEAD: Barney Venables

PROVIDER: PXD009431 | Pride | 2018-12-24

REPOSITORIES: pride

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Project description:The enamel proteome includes a range of proteins which are well-preserved in archaeological settings but have so far received less study than the sex-specific sequencing of enamel. We look beyond sex-specific sequencing of amelogenin to investigate the potential of several serum proteins, including immunoglobulin gamma (IgG), the major immunoglobulin found in blood serum, and C-reactive protein (CRP) which is associated with inflammatory response, to provide insight into the health and stresses experienced by individuals in the past. We apply this approach to enamel samples from Mission-Period ancestral Ohlone interred at Asistencia San Pedro y San Pablo (CA-SMA-71/H; n=11). For comparison, we also examine enamel from historic-period European-Americans interred in the City Cemetery in San Francisco, and extracted third molars from present-day military cadets. Results indicate that IgG is elevated among individuals at the asistencia relative to samples from present-day military cadets (n=8), or historic City Cemetery individuals (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey Kramer tests, p < 0.02). Further, the inflammatory protein CRP, normally expressed at much lower levels than IgG, was present in 55% (6 of 11) of the asistencia samples, and in 17% (2 of 12) of the historic City Cemetery samples, but was not detected in enamel samples from contemporary military cadets. While more studies are needed, we argue that the difference in IgG could reflect higher levels of chronic diseases such as tuberculosis among Ohlone living within the Mission system, while the presence of measurable amounts of CRP could relate to high degrees of physical, social, and emotional stresses. To our knowledge, this is the first paleoproteomic study of immune proteins in tooth enamel. The ability to track immune responses during tooth formation could provide valuable and high-resolution information on ancient health and disease at the level of the individual over archaeological time-scales.

			Action	DRS
	10599.mgf	Mgf
	10599.mzid	Mzid
	10599.yep	Other
	11057.mgf	Mgf
	11057.mzid	Mzid

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Taphonomy and Negative Results: An Integrated Approach to Ceramic-bound Protein Residue Analysis

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