Project description:This trial studies how fiber and fish oil supplements affect the metabolism and activities of colon cells in healthy individuals. Diet is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer, and several dietary components important in colorectal cancer prevention are modified by gut microbial metabolism. Giving fiber and fish oil supplements may inhibit the growth of gut cells and ultimately reduce risk of colorectal cancer.
Project description:Aliivibrio wodanis and Moritella viscosa have often been isolated together from fish with winter ulcer. Little is known about the interaction between the two bacterial species and how the presence of one bacterial species affects the behaviour of the other. The impact on bacterial growth in co-culture was investigated in vitro, and the presence of A. wodanis has a strong inhibitorial effect on M. viscosa. Further, we have sequenced the complete genomes of these two marine Gram-negative species, and have performed transcriptome analysis of the bacterial gene expression levels from in vivo samples. Using bacterial implants in the fish abdomen, we demonstrate that the presence of A. wodanis is altering the gene expression levels of M. viscosa compared to when the bacteria are implanted separately. The impeding effect on growth and the change in the global gene expression pattern of M. viscosa when the two pathogens co-exists is discussed in this paper.
Project description:This study established immunological and particularly antibacterial proteins in the skin mucus of Obscure puffer against A. hydrophila infection. These proteins could be potential biomarkers to be studied for prevention of bacterial disease in fish. Overall, the study provides primary insights into the mucosal immune factors in the skin mucus of fish and recommends each protein for functional-based molecular studies.
Project description:While fats are essential nutrients in healthy diets, how dietary fats affect immune cell function and overall health are not well understood. We fed mice various high-fat diets (HFD) which mimicked human diets rich in different fatty acid (FA) components. Surprisingly, we observed that mice consuming the fish oil diet exhibited the most severe hair loss compared to those consuming other diets, which supported the evidence that people in regions with a high intake of fish had a tendency of increased hair loss. Mechanistically, omega-3 FAs in fish oil promoted atypical expansion of skin CD8+γδ+ T cells which inhibited hair follicle stem cell activity. We further identified that the epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) was pivotal in promoting omega-3 FA-induced CD8+γδ+ T cells by activating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/IL-36 signaling pathway in dermis macrophages. Our findings have implications for the prevention, etiology and therapy of hair loss in humans, including these with alopecia areata.
