Project description:Milk oligosaccharides are a complex class of carbohydrates that act as bioactive factors in numerous defensive and physiological functions, including brain development. Early nutrition can modulate nervous system development and can lead to epigenetic imprinting. We attempted to increase the sialylated oligosaccharide content of zebrafish yolk reserves, with the aim of evaluating any short-term effects of the treatment on mortality, locomotor behavior, and gene expression. Wild-type embryos were microinjected with saline solution or solutions containing sialylated milk oligosaccharides extracted from human and bovine milk. The results suggest that burst activity and larval survival rates were unaffected by the treatments. Locomotion parameters were found to be similar during the light phase between control and treated larvae; in the dark, however, milk oligosaccharide-treated larvae showed increased test plate exploration. Thigmotaxis results did not reveal significant differences in either the light or the dark conditions. RNA-seq analysis indicated that both treatments exert an antioxidant effect in developing fish. Moreover, sialylated human milk oligosaccharides seemed to increase the expression of genes related to cell cycle control and chromosomal replication, while bovine-derived oligosaccharides caused an increase in the expression of genes involved in synaptogenesis and neuronal signaling. These data shed some light on this poorly explored research field, showing that both human and bovine oligosaccharides support brain proliferation and maturation.
Project description:Complex oligosaccharides found in human milk play a vital role in gut microbiome development for the human infant. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) have similar structures with those derived from human milk, but have not been well studied for their effects on the healthy adult human gut microbiome. Healthy human subjects consumed BMO over two-week periods at two different doses and provided fecal samples. Metatranscriptomics of fecal samples was conducted to determine microbial and host gene expression in response to the supplement. Fecal samples were also analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine levels of undigested BMO. No changes were observed in microbiome activity across all participants. Repeated sampling enabled subject-specific analyses: four of six participants had minor, yet statistically significant, changes in microbial activity. No significant change was observed in the gene expression of host cells in stool. Levels of BMO excreted in feces after supplementation were not significantly different from placebo and were not correlated with dosage or expressed microbial enzyme levels. Collectively, these data suggest that BMO is fully digested in the human gastrointestinal tract prior to stool collection. Participants’ gut microbiomes remained stable but varied between individuals. Additionally, the unaltered host transcriptome provides further evidence for the safety of BMO as a dietary supplement or food ingredient.
Project description:The factors that govern the retention and abundance of specific microbial lineages within a developing intestinal microbiota remain poorly defined. Human milk oligosaccharides consumed by nursing infnats pass undigested to the distal gut where they may be consumed by microbes. We investigated the transcriptional response of Bacterides fragilis, a prominent gut resident, to the presence of HMOs. In vitro transcriptional profiles of Bacteroides fragilis obtained from biological duplicate cultures taken at middle log phase in minimal media glucose (MM-Glu) and in minimal media with human milk oligosaccharides (MM-HMO).
Project description:To discover the regulatory role of human milk exosomes oligosaccharides, The full cDNA was extracted from human macrophages and then compared the expression profiles of them to discovery the key features regulated by human milk exosomes extracted oligosaccharides.
Project description:Investigation of the overall in vitro response of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to human milk oligosaccharides. Comparison with response to MM-lactose and MM-galactose (Analysis performed using as a baseline datasets GSM301635 and GSM301637 corresponding to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron response in MM-Glucose) In vitro transcriptional profiles of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron obtained from biological duplicate cultures taken: (i) at middle log phase in minimal media galactose (MM-Gal) and minimal media lactose (MM-L) and (ii) at two timepoints during log phase in minimal media human milk oligosaccharides (MM-HMO).
Project description:Bifidobacterium species in the infant gut can metabolize intact human milk oligosaccrides. There is species varation in the types of the olgosaccharides that can bedigested by Bifidobacterium species. B. breve strains have shown digestion of LNT and LNnT oligoscchrides. The objective of te current study was idetification of B. breve strains that can digest sialylated oligosacchrides. The currnet study was designed to idetify the genes that show upregulation when grown in lactose, 3'-siallylactose and Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides
Project description:In this study, we quantitated the disappearance of intact HMOs and characterized the glycan digestion products in the gut that are produced by the action of microbial enzymes on HMOs and glycoconjugates from breast milk. Oligosaccharides from fecal samples of exclusively breast-fed infants were extracted and profiled using nanoLC-MS. Intact HMOs were found in the fecal samples, additionally, other oligosaccharides were found corresponding to degraded HMOs and non-HMO based compounds. The latter compounds were fragments of N-glycans released through the cleavage of the linkage to the asparagine residue and through cleavage of the chitobiose core of the N-glycan.
Project description:This study was conducted in order to monitor whether or not Akkermansia muciniphila was able to grow and utilize human milk and human milk oligosaccharides by deploying its mucin degrading enzymes. Interestingly, A. muciniphila was able to grow in human milk producing Short Chain Fatty Acids and degrade milk oligosaccharides (2’-fucosyllactose, 3’-siallylactose) as well as lactose.
Project description:Investigation of the overall in vitro response of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to human milk oligosaccharides. Comparison with response to MM-lactose and MM-galactose (Analysis performed using as a baseline datasets GSM301635 and GSM301637 corresponding to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron response in MM-Glucose)
Project description:The factors that govern the retention and abundance of specific microbial lineages within a developing intestinal microbiota remain poorly defined. Human milk oligosaccharides consumed by nursing infnats pass undigested to the distal gut where they may be consumed by microbes. We investigated the transcriptional response of Bacterides fragilis, a prominent gut resident, to the presence of HMOs.