Project description:To study the transcriptional change on colon tissue during stress, we performed RNA-seq with colon tissues from stressed and resting wild-type mice.
Project description:We have demonstrated that the miR-182 level, in addition to being significantly increased in colon cancer compared to adjacent normal colon tissue, is also significantly increased in African American(AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) colon cancer. Since miR-182 has been previously associated with decreased survival in colon cancer patients and with increased liver metastases, this observation supports the concept that biological differences between AA and CA colon cancers may contribute to AA disparities in colon cancer survival. We aimed to identify miRNAs that were associated with effects of both tumor and race by generating Agilent miRNA expression profiles on paired colon cancer and adjacent normal colon collected from AA and CA colon cancer subjects. For the 30 paired Stony Brook University (SBU) colon cancer and adjacent normal colon samples, attempts were made to control for other covariates such as age, colon cancer location, stage, BMI and smoking in the selection of the CA samples . However no attempt was made to control for the other covariates in the 30 paired Washington University (WU) colon cancer and adjacent normal colon samples.
Project description:We have used dietary administration of stable isotope labelled lysine to assess protein turnover rates for proteins from four tissues in the bank vole, Myodes glareolus. The annotated genome for this species is not available, so protein identification was attained through cross-species matching to the mouse. For proteins for which confident identifications were derived, the pattern of lysine incorporation over 40d was used to define the rate of synthesis of individual proteins in the four tissues. The data were heavily filtered to retain a very high quality data-set of turnover rates for 1088 proteins. Comparative analysis of the four tissues revealed different median rates of degradation (kidney: 0.099 per day; liver 0.136 per day; heart, 0.054 per day and skeletal muscle, 0.035 per day). These data were compared with protein degradation rates from other studies on intact animals or from cells in culture.
Project description:We performed a transcriptomic comparison of the Pxr-regulated genes in the liver and intestine (ileum and colon) using microarrays in adult wild-type (WT) vs Pxr-/- C57Bl6/J male mice treated with the rodent specific Pxr ligand pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) (100 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 4 days).
Project description:We have demonstrated that the miR-182 level, in addition to being significantly increased in colon cancer compared to adjacent normal colon tissue, is also significantly increased in African American(AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) colon cancer. Since miR-182 has been previously associated with decreased survival in colon cancer patients and with increased liver metastases, this observation supports the concept that biological differences between AA and CA colon cancers may contribute to AA disparities in colon cancer survival.
Project description:Chemical communication plays an important role in mammalian life history decisions. Animals send and receive information based on body odour secretions. Odour cues provide important social information on identity, kinship, sex, group membership or genetic quality. Recent findings show, that rodents alarm their conspecifics with danger-dependent body odours after encountering a predator. In this study, we aim to identify the chemistry of alarm pheromones (AP) in the bank vole, a common boreal rodent. Furthermore, the vole foraging efficiency under perceived fear was measured in a set of field experiments in large outdoor enclosures. During the analysis of bank vole odour by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified that 1-octanol, 2-octanone, and one unknown compound as the most likely candidates to function as alarm signals. These compounds were independent of the vole's sex. In a field experiment, voles were foraging less, i.e. they were more afraid in the AP odour foraging trays during the first day, as the odour was fresh, than in the second day. This verified the short lasting effect of volatile APs. Our results clarified the chemistry of alarming body odour compounds in mammals, and enhanced our understanding of the ecological role of AP and chemical communication in mammals.
Project description:The development of new diagnostic methods resulted in the discovery of novel hepaciviruses in wild populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus, syn. Clethrionomys glareolus). The naturally infected voles demonstrate signs of hepatitis similar to those induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans. The aim of the present research was to investigate the geographical distribution of bank vole-associated hepaciviruses (BvHVs) and their genetic diversity in Europe. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) screening revealed BvHV RNA in 442 out of 1838 (24.0%) bank voles from nine European countries and in one of seven northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus, syn. Clethrionomys rutilus). BvHV RNA was not found in any other small mammal species (n = 23) tested here. Phylogenetic and isolation-by-distance analyses confirmed the occurrence of both BvHV species (Hepacivirus F and Hepacivirus J) and their sympatric occurrence at several trapping sites in two countries. The broad geographical distribution of BvHVs across Europe was associated with their presence in bank voles of different evolutionary lineages. The extensive geographical distribution and high levels of genetic diversity of BvHVs, as well as the high population fluctuations of bank voles and occasional commensalism in some parts of Europe warrant future studies on the zoonotic potential of BvHVs.