Project description:Illumina HiSeq2000 technology was used to generate mRNA profiles from Vaccinium myrtillus mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots with or without Cadmium treatment. 150bp reads were generated and aligned to a Vaccinium myrtillus de novo assembly as reference using CLC Genomics Workbench 8.
Project description:The study investigated protein dynamics throughout fruit developmental and ripening process of blue-colored bilberry. The proteomic approach was applied to study at four different ripening stages, S2-small green fruit, S3- large green fruit, S4- purple ripening fruit, S5- ripe, blue fruit of bilberry. Regulatory network of plant hormones and physiological processes occurring during bilberry fruit ripening was revealed for the first time. The white-colored mutant bilberry, at the ripe stage, was also investigated differences compared to wild, blue-colored berries.
Project description:Obesity and diabetes associated visual impairment and vascular dysfunctions are increasing reasons for vision loss. The detailed mechanisms in these diseases are still largely unknown, but mice models have been useful to study these mechanisms and explore the detailed effects of potential compounds. Such compounds usually have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are found in anthocyanins and a major source of dietary anthocyanins in Nordic diet is bilberries (European wild blueberries, Vaccinium myrtillus). In this explorative study we show results with differentially expressed genes in retina using a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Our findings displayed differential regulation of genes in pathways for apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and glutathione metabolism. Mice fed with HFD had increased retinal gene expression of several crystallins, which was reduced in the retina of mice fed with bilberries. Bilberries seem to reduce the expression of genes in MAPK and to increase the expression of genes in glutathione metabolism pathway. All together despite minor effects in the mouse phenotype, a diet rich in bilberries may prevent the retinal gene expression changes in the early stages of obesity. Mice were fed ad libitum with normal control diet (NCD, 10% kcal fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat), 5% (w/w) freeze-dried biberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) in NCD (NCD+BB) or HFD (HFD+BB) for 12 weeks. Diets were prepared in Research Diets Inc. Feed consumption and weight gain were measured during the feeding trial, and blood pressure and serum markers of obesity at the end. Retinas were collected and RNA extracted from all 24 mice samples, and pooled retinas from 4 mice per group were hybridized with standard Illumina protocols. The expression in retinas was analyzed using R, Pathvisio and DAVID to screen for differences between high-fat and berry induced changes to control diets and further bilberry induced changes to HFD up- or downregulated transcripts. diet: NCD, HFD, NCD+BB, HFD+BB
Project description:Using sRNA-Seq to provide small RNA status in fruit ripening stages in sweet orange DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in many biological processes. The genome of the climacteric tomato fruit undergoes a global loss of DNA methylation due to active DNA demethylation during the ripening process. It is unclear whether the ripening of other fruits is also associated with global DNA demethylation. We characterized the single-base resolution DNA methylomes of sweet orange fruits. Compared to immature orange fruits, ripe orange fruits gained DNA methylation at over 30,000 genomic regions and lost DNA methylation at about 1,000 genomic regions, suggesting a global increase in DNA methylation during orange fruit ripening. This increase in DNA methylation was correlated with decreased expression of DNA demethylase genes. The application of a DNA methylation inhibitor interfered with ripening, indicating that the DNA hypermethylation is critical for the proper ripening of orange fruits. We found that ripening-associated DNA hypermethylation was associated with the repression of several hundred genes, such as photosynthesis genes, and with the activation of hundreds of genes including genes involved in ABA responses. Our results suggest important roles of DNA methylation in orange fruit ripening.
Project description:Obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health have been associated to low-grade inflammation. The most diverse source of dietary anti-inflammatory compounds is polyphenols and especially anthocyanins, which are major polyphenols in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). We investigated the effects of a bilberry-rich diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in subjects with overweight and other features of the metabolic syndrome. The study was a randomized, controlled clinical intervention using 2-arm parallel group design. The participants in the bilberry group (BB, n = 15) consumed bilberries or berry products equivalent of 400 g fresh bilberries daily for 8 weeks, while the participants in the control group (C, n = 12) were asked to maintain their habitual diet. The microarray profiling was done from 3 subjects in the BB group and further QPCR expression analyses from all subjects in both groups at the start and end of the intervention (weeks 0 and 8). From 50 differentially expressed transcripts (P<0.005), five candidate genes; WDSUB1, COX7B, RGS18, DAPP1 and TICAM1, were randomly selected for QPCR analyses from PBMCs in both groups. To further explore the interplay of dietary change and activated pathways in PBMCs, 11 additional genes were selected for QPCR. The selected transcripts were from the LPB, RIPK-1, Ly96 (MD2), CD19, MMD, TNFRSF12A, CD72, CCR2, IL17RC, IL17R and MAP3K7IP2 genes. Our results indicate that regular bilberry intake may reduce endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, the latter especially by directing the immunity away from overactive innate cell mediated responsiveness. Bilberry consumption may decrease cardiovascular and metabolic risk in the long term.
Project description:Illumina HiSeq2000 technology was used to generate mRNA profiles from Oidiodendron maius free-living mycelium and Vaccinium myrtillus mycorrhizal roots with or without Cadmium treatment. 150bp reads were generated and aligned to the O.maius reference transcripts using CLC Genomics Workbench 8
Project description:Obesity and its consequences on cardiometabolic health have been associated to low-grade inflammation. The most diverse source of dietary anti-inflammatory compounds is polyphenols and especially anthocyanins, which are major polyphenols in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). We investigated the effects of a bilberry-rich diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in subjects with overweight and other features of the metabolic syndrome. The study was a randomized, controlled clinical intervention using 2-arm parallel group design. The participants in the bilberry group (BB, n = 15) consumed bilberries or berry products equivalent of 400 g fresh bilberries daily for 8 weeks, while the participants in the control group (C, n = 12) were asked to maintain their habitual diet. The microarray profiling was done from 3 subjects in the BB group and further QPCR expression analyses from all subjects in both groups at the start and end of the intervention (weeks 0 and 8). From 50 differentially expressed transcripts (P<0.005), five candidate genes; WDSUB1, COX7B, RGS18, DAPP1 and TICAM1, were randomly selected for QPCR analyses from PBMCs in both groups. To further explore the interplay of dietary change and activated pathways in PBMCs, 11 additional genes were selected for QPCR. The selected transcripts were from the LPB, RIPK-1, Ly96 (MD2), CD19, MMD, TNFRSF12A, CD72, CCR2, IL17RC, IL17R and MAP3K7IP2 genes. Our results indicate that regular bilberry intake may reduce endotoxemia and chronic inflammation, the latter especially by directing the immunity away from overactive innate cell mediated responsiveness. Bilberry consumption may decrease cardiovascular and metabolic risk in the long term. The microarray profiling was done in PBMCs from 3 subjects in BB group and further QPCR expression analyses in PBMCs from 15 subjects in the BB group and 12 subjects in the C group. For QPCR expression analyses; Time point (biological replicate): 0 wk: baseline PBMCs1 - 15, baseline PBMCc1- 12 Time point (biological replicate): 8 wk: bilberry PBMCs1 - 15, bilberry PBMCc1 - 12 Non-normalized data with triplicate samples (technical replicate) of each bilogical replicates (replicate1-3)
Project description:Ripening is an important stage of fruit development to determine its quality as a diet. A tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MADS-box transcription factor, RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), has been believed to serve as a regulator of ripening lying upstream of ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways. Here, we have conducted global gene expression analysis to comprehensively identify tomato genes whose expressions are affected by the rin mutation using microarray with RNA samples from the normal and rin mutant tomato fruits at the pre-ripening (mature green) and ripening (pink coloring) stages. By analysing this microarray data, we identified 342 of positively regulated and 473 negatively regulated genes by RIN, which showed >5 and <0.2 of the fold change ratio (FC) of normal fruits at the ripening stage relative to those at the pre-ripening stage, respectively, in a RIN-dependent manner. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of the normal ripening tomatoes with the anti-RIN antibody revealed that the positively regulated gene set contained at least 13 direct RIN targets. We monitored global gene expression in normal (PK331 cultivar) and rin mutant (PK353 cultivar) tomatoes at the pre-ripening (mature green, G) and ripening (pink coloring, P) stages using microarray with three biological replicates for each sample.