Anopheline mosquito saliva contains bacteria that are transferred to a mammalian host through blood feeding.
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB63521 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR11635000_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11635000_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11635001_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11635001_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11635002_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Anopheline mosquito saliva bacteria
| PRJEB59447 | ENA
Project description:IntroductionMalaria transmission occurs when Plasmodium sporozoites are transferred from the salivary glands of anopheline mosquitoes to a human host through the injection of saliva. The need for better understanding, as well as novel modes of inhibiting, this key event in transmission has driven intense study of the protein and miRNA content of saliva. Until now the possibility that mosquito saliva may also contain bacteria has remained an open question despite the well documented presence of a rich microbiome in salivary glands.MethodsUsing both 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF approaches, we characterized the composition of the saliva microbiome of An. gambiae and An. stephensi mosquitoes which respectively represent two of the most important vectors for the major malaria-causing parasites P. falciparum and P. vivax.ResultsTo eliminate the possible detection of non-mosquito-derived bacteria, we used a transgenic, fluorescent strain of one of the identified bacteria, Serratiamarcescens, to infect mosquitoes and detect its presence in mosquito salivary glands as well as its transfer to, and colonization of, mammalian host tissues following a mosquito bite. We also showed that Plasmodium infection modified the mosquito microbiota, increasing the presence of Serratia while diminishing the presence of Elizabethkingia and that both P. berghei and Serratia were transferred to, and colonized mammalian tissues.DiscussionThese data thus document the presence of bacteria in mosquito saliva, their transfer to, and growth in a mammalian host as well as possible interactions with Plasmodium transmission. Together they raise the possible role of mosquitoes as vectors of bacterial infection and the utility of commensal mosquito bacteria for the development of transmission-blocking strategies within a mammalian host.
| S-EPMC10392944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During blood feeding haematophagous arthropods inject into their hosts a cocktail of salivary proteins whose main role is to counteract host haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. However, animal body fluids are known to also carry miRNAs. To get insights into saliva and salivary gland miRNA repertoires of the African malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii we used small RNA-Seq and identified 214 miRNAs, including tissue-enriched, sex-biased and putative novel anopheline miRNAs. Noteworthy, miRNAs were asymmetrically distributed between saliva and salivary glands, suggesting that selected miRNAs may be preferentially directed toward mosquito saliva. The evolutionary conservation of a subset of saliva miRNAs in Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes, and in the tick Ixodes ricinus, supports the idea of a non-random occurrence pointing to their possible physiological role in blood feeding by arthropods. Strikingly, eleven of the most abundant An. coluzzi saliva miRNAs mimicked human miRNAs. Prediction analysis and search for experimentally validated targets indicated that miRNAs from An. coluzzii saliva may act on host mRNAs involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Overall, this study raises the intriguing hypothesis that miRNAs injected into vertebrates with vector saliva may contribute to host manipulation with possible implication for vector-host interaction and pathogen transmission.
2019-02-22 | GSE120658 | GEO
Project description:Plasmodium sporozoites are injected, in addition to saliva, into animal hosts when a female Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal. The molecular components of saliva that interact with Plasmodium during this process are poorly characterized. Here we collected Plasmodium sporozoites directly from salivating Anopheles mosquitoes and looked for the presence of vector proteins that could be interacting with the parasites during transmission for further characterization.
2018-10-18 | PXD010121 | Pride
Project description:Mosquito saliva facilitates blood feeding through the anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of its proteins. However, the potential contribution of non-coding RNAs to host manipulation is still poorly understood. We analysed small RNAs from Aedes aegypti saliva and salivary glands and show here that chikungunya virus-infection triggers both the siRNA and piRNA antiviral pathways with limited effects on miRNA expression profiles. Saliva appears enriched in specific miRNA subsets and its miRNA content is well conserved among mosquitoes and ticks, clearly pointing to a non-random sorting and occurrence. Finally, we provide evidence that miRNAs from Ae. aegypti saliva may target human immune and inflammatory pathways, as indicated by prediction analysis and searching for experimentally validated targets of identical human miRNAs. Overall, we believe these observations convincingly support a scenario where both proteins and miRNAs from mosquito saliva are injected into vertebrates during blood feeding and contribute to the complex vector-host-pathogen interactions.
2022-05-27 | GSE174512 | GEO
Project description:Anopheline mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium parasites to humans, and are responsible for an estimated 219 million cases of malaria, leading to over 400,000 deaths annually. The mosquito’s immune system limits Plasmodium infection in several ways, and hemocytes, the insect white blood cells, are key players in these defense responses. However, the full functional diversity of mosquito hemocytes and their developmental trajectories have not been established. We use bulk RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the transcriptional profiles of hemocytes, of guts, and of carcasses of mosquito hemocytes in response to blood feeding or infection with Plasmodium. Data from three independent biological replicates for each condition and time-point (day 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 after sugar-feeding, blood-feeding or P. berghei infection).
2020-08-27 | E-MTAB-9241 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Anopheline mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium parasites to humans, and are responsible for an estimated 219 million cases of malaria, leading to over 400,000 deaths annually. The mosquito’s immune system limits Plasmodium infection in several ways, and hemocytes, the insect white blood cells, are key players in these defense responses. However, the full functional diversity of mosquito hemocytes and their developmental trajectories have not been established. We use single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the transcriptional profiles of individual mosquito hemocytes in response to blood feeding or infection with Plasmodium. Circulating hemocytes were collected from adult A. gambiae M form (A. coluzzii) females that were either kept on a sugar meal or fed on a healthy or a Plasmodium berghei-infected mouse. Transcriptomes from 5,383 cells (collected 1, 3, and 7 days after feeding) revealed nine major cell clusters.
2020-08-27 | E-MTAB-9240 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: The piRNA pathway has been shown in model organisms to be involved in silencing of transposons thereby providing genome stability. In D. melanogaster the majority of piRNAs map to these sequences. The medically important mosquito species Aedes aegypti has a large genome size, a high transposon load which includes Miniature Inverted repeat Transposable Elements (MITES) and an expansion of the piRNA biogenesis genes. Studies of transgenic lines of Ae. aegypti have indicated that introduced transposons are poorly remobilized and we sought to explore the basis of this. We wished to analyze the piRNA profile of Ae. aegypti and thereby determine if it be responsible for transposon silencing in this mosquito. Results: Estimated piRNA sequence diversity was comparable between Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster, but surprisingly only 19% of mosquito piRNAs mapped to transposons compared to 51% for D. melanogaster. Ae. aegypti piRNA clusters made up a larger percentage of the total genome than those of D. melanogaster but did not contain significantly higher percentages of transposon derived sequences than other regions of the genome. Ae. aegypti contains a number of protein coding genes that may be sources of piRNA biogenesis with two, traffic jam and maelstrom, implicated in this process in model organisms. Several genes of viral origin were also targeted by piRNAs. Examination of six mosquito libraries that had previously been transformed with transposon derived sequence revealed that new piRNA sequences had been generated to the transformed sequences, suggesting that they may have stimulated a transposon inactivation mechanism. Conclusions: Ae. aegypti has a large piRNA complement that maps to transposons but primarily gene sequences, including many viral-derived sequences. This, together the more uniform distribution of piRNA clusters throughout its genome suggest that some aspects of the piRNA system differ between Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster.
2014-03-18 | GSE33595 | GEO
Project description:Background: The piRNA pathway has been shown in model organisms to be involved in silencing of transposons thereby providing genome stability. In D. melanogaster the majority of piRNAs map to these sequences. The medically important mosquito species Aedes aegypti has a large genome size, a high transposon load which includes Miniature Inverted repeat Transposable Elements (MITES) and an expansion of the piRNA biogenesis genes. Studies of transgenic lines of Ae. aegypti have indicated that introduced transposons are poorly remobilized and we sought to explore the basis of this. We wished to analyze the piRNA profile of Ae. aegypti and thereby determine if it be responsible for transposon silencing in this mosquito. Results: Estimated piRNA sequence diversity was comparable between Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster, but surprisingly only 19% of mosquito piRNAs mapped to transposons compared to 51% for D. melanogaster. Ae. aegypti piRNA clusters made up a larger percentage of the total genome than those of D. melanogaster but did not contain significantly higher percentages of transposon derived sequences than other regions of the genome. Ae. aegypti contains a number of protein coding genes that may be sources of piRNA biogenesis with two, traffic jam and maelstrom, implicated in this process in model organisms. Several genes of viral origin were also targeted by piRNAs. Examination of six mosquito libraries that had previously been transformed with transposon derived sequence revealed that new piRNA sequences had been generated to the transformed sequences, suggesting that they may have stimulated a transposon inactivation mechanism. Conclusions: Ae. aegypti has a large piRNA complement that maps to transposons but primarily gene sequences, including many viral-derived sequences. This, together the more uniform distribution of piRNA clusters throughout its genome suggest that some aspects of the piRNA system differ between Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster. 5 small RNA libraries were generated from total RNA of whole adult Aedes aegypti tissues, two of these libraries were sequenced twice (technical replicates). 1 small RNA library was generated from total RNA of a whole adult Drosophila melanogaster tissue.
2014-03-18 | E-GEOD-33595 | biostudies-arrayexpress