Data for Alternative Splicing of Adhesion-GPCR Latrophilin-3 Controls Synapse Formation
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1005253 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR25634838_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25634838_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25634839_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25634839_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR25634840_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:How synapses are assembled and specified in brain is incompletely understood. Latrophilin-3, a postsynaptic adhesion-GPCR, mediates Schaffer-collateral synapse formation in the hippocampus but the mechanisms involved remained unclear. Here we show that Latrophilin-3 organizes synapses by a convergent dual-pathway mechanism by which Latrophilin-3 simultaneously activates GaS/cAMP-signaling and recruits phase-separated postsynaptic protein scaffolds. We found that cell type-specific alternative splicing of Latrophilin-3 controls its G protein coupling mode, resulting in Latrophilin-3 variants that predominantly signal via Gas and cAMP or via Gα12/13. A CRISPR-mediated genetic switch of Latrophilin-3 alternative splicing from a GaS- to a Gα12/13-coupled mode impaired synaptic connectivity similar to the overall deletion of Latrophilin-3, suggesting that GaS/cAMP-signaling by Latrophilin-3 splice variants mediates synapse formation. Moreover, GaS- but not Gα12/13-coupled splice variants of Latrophilin-3 recruit phase-transitioned postsynaptic protein scaffolds that are clustered by binding of presynaptic Latrophilin-3 ligands. Strikingly, neuronal activity promotes alternative splicing of the synaptogenic variant of Latrophilin-3, thereby enhancing synaptic connectivity. Together, these data suggest that activity-dependent alternative splicing of a key synaptic adhesion molecule controls synapse formation by parallel activation of two convergent pathways, GaS/cAMP signaling and the phase separation of postsynaptic protein scaffolds.
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Project description:Synapse formation is critical for the wiring of neural circuits in the developing brain. The synaptic scaffolding protein S-SCAM/MAGI-2 has important roles in the assembly of signaling complexes at postsynaptic densities. However, the role of S-SCAM in establishing the entire synapse is not known. Here, we report significant effects of RNAi-induced S-SCAM knockdown on the number of synapses in early stages of network development in vitro. In vivo knockdown during the first three postnatal weeks reduced the number of dendritic spines in the rat brain neocortex. Knockdown of S-SCAM in cultured hippocampal neurons severely reduced the clustering of both pre- and postsynaptic components. This included synaptic vesicle proteins, pre- and postsynaptic scaffolding proteins, and cell adhesion molecules, suggesting that entire synapses fail to form. Correspondingly, functional and morphological characteristics of developing neurons were affected by reducing S-SCAM protein levels: neurons displayed severely impaired synaptic transmission and reduced dendritic arborization. A next generation sequencing approach showed normal expression of housekeeping genes, but changes of expression levels in 39 synaptic signaling molecules in cultured neurons. These results indicate that S-SCAM mediates the recruitment of all key classes of synaptic molecules during synapse assembly and is critical for the development of neural circuits in the developing brain.
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Project description:Neural circuit assembly in the brain requires precise establishment of synaptic connections, but the mechanisms of synapse assembly remain incompletely understood. Latrophilins are postsynaptic adhesion-GPCRs that engage in trans-synaptic complexes with presynaptic teneurins and FLRTs. In mouse CA1-region neurons, Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 are essential for formation of entorhinal-cortex-derived and Schaffer-collateral-derived synapses, respectively. However, it is unknown whether latrophilins function as GPCRs in synapse formation. Here, we show that Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 exhibit constitutive GPCR activity that increases cAMP levels, which was blocked by a mutation interfering with G-protein and arrestin interactions of GPCRs. The same mutation impaired the ability of Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 to rescue the synapse-loss phenotype in Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 knockout neurons in vivo. Our results suggest that Latrophilin-2 and Latrophilin-3 require GPCR signaling in synapse formation, indicating that latrophilins promote synapse formation in the hippocampus by activating a classical GPCR-signaling pathway.
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Project description:Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule required for neuronal wiring. A remarkable feature of invertebrate Dscam is massive alternative splicing generating thousands of different isoforms from three variable clusters of alternative exons. Dscam expression and diversity arising from alternative splicing have been studied during development, but whether they exert functions in differentiated brains has not been determined. Here, using honey bees, we find that Dscam expression is critically linked to memory retention as reducing expression by RNAi enhances memory after reward learning in adult worker bees. Moreover, alternative splicing of Dscam is altered in all three variable clusters after learning. Since identical Dscam isoforms engage in homophilic interactions, these results suggest a mechanism to alter inclusion of variable exons during memory consolidation possibly to alter neuronal connections for memory retention.
2024-01-05 | GSE244051 | GEO
Project description:S-SCAM is essential for synapse formation
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Project description:Synapses are asymmetric junctions between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons that mediate information transfer in the brain. The proper formation of functional synapses is crucial for synaptic transmission and brain function. However, how neurons initially recognize each other to form synapses remain to be elucidated. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the cultured hippocampal cells on the critical time points during synapse development. . We first built comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of hippocampus undergoing synapse formation. Furthermore, we focused on neurons, and systematically analyzed temporal dynamic functional transcription factors hubs.. We identified that transcription factors, such as EGR family genes, AP-1 family genes, NeuroD family genes, NF1 family genes, may act as key regulators of synapse formation. Besides, we provided the resources of increased membrane and secretory proteins associated with synapse formation, which including previously reported synapse formation genes, Nlgn3, Nectin1, Dag1, Snap25, and the newly identified potential genes, Tmem65, Grm5, Olfm1, Timp3. Finally, we analyzed the changes of cell communication signaling pathways in neurons before and after synapse formation, and identified several important signaling pathways, including NRXN, NCAM, BMP, NEGR, and so on. Collectively, our work provided a holistic view of the molecular dynamics of the hippocampal synapse formation.
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Project description:-arrestins (arr1 and arr2) are ubiquitous regulators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling. Available data suggest that -arrestins dock to different receptors in different ways. However, the structural characterization of arrestin-GPCR complexes is challenging and alternative approaches to study arrestin-GPCR complexes are needed. Here, starting from the finger loop as a major site for the interaction of arrestins with GPCRs, we genetically incorporate non-canonical amino acids for photo- and chemical crosslinking into arr1 and arr2 and explore binding topologies to GPCRs forming either stable or transient complexes with arrestin: the vasopressin receptor 2 (rhodopsin-like), the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 and the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (both secretin-like). We show that each receptor leaves a unique footprint on arrestin, whereas the two -arrestins yield quite similar crosslinking patterns. Furthermore, we show that the method allows defining the orientation of arrestin respect to the GPCR. Finally, we provide direct evidence for the formation of arrestin oligomers in the cell.
2020-09-21 | PXD020418 | Pride
Project description:Synapse assembly likely requires postsynaptic target recognition by incoming presynaptic afferents. Using newly generated conditional knock-in and knockout mice, we show in this study that latrophilin-2 (Lphn2), a cell-adhesion G protein-coupled receptor and presumptive α-latrotoxin receptor, controls the numbers of a specific subset of synapses in CA1-region hippocampal neurons, suggesting that Lphn2 acts as a synaptic target-recognition molecule. In cultured hippocampal neurons, Lphn2 maintained synapse numbers via a postsynaptic instead of a presynaptic mechanism, which was surprising given its presumptive role as an α-latrotoxin receptor. In CA1-region neurons in vivo, Lphn2 was specifically targeted to dendritic spines in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, which form synapses with presynaptic entorhinal cortex afferents. In this study, postsynaptic deletion of Lphn2 selectively decreased spine numbers and impaired synaptic inputs from entorhinal but not Schaffer-collateral afferents. Behaviorally, loss of Lphn2 from the CA1 region increased spatial memory retention but decreased learning of sequential spatial memory tasks. Thus, Lphn2 appears to control synapse numbers in the entorhinal cortex/CA1 region circuit by acting as a domain-specific postsynaptic target-recognition molecule.
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