Project description:ATM is a phosphatidyl-3-kinase-related protein kinase that functions as a central regulator of the DNA damage response in eukaryotic cells. In humans, mutations in ATM cause the devastating neurodegenerative disease Ataxia Telangiectasia. Previously, we characterized the homologue of ATM (AtmA) in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In addition to its expected role in the DNA damage response, we found that AtmA is also required for polarized hyphal growth. In order to investigate which pathways are controlled by AtmA during proliferation and polar growth, we determined the transcriptional profile of A. nidulans wild type and delta atmA mutant strains in different growth conditions. Conidia from both wild type and delta atmA mutant were incubated with 50 mM of hydroxyurea to synchronize the germlings in the S-phase of cell cycle. After this time, the cultures were centrifuged, washed and pre-warmed drug-free fresh media was aseptically added to the cultures. They were allowed to grow for additional 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the HU-release. At each time point, the germlings were also harvested by centrifugation and used for competitive microarray hybridizations. Our results indicate several genes that have decreased mRNA expression in the delta atmA mutant which are involved in the formation of a polarized hyphae and control of polar growth; in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid; in the ergosterol biosynthesis; and intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport. Keywords: gene expression array-based (log2 ratio)
Project description:ATM is a phosphatidyl-3-kinase-related protein kinase that functions as a central regulator of the DNA damage response in eukaryotic cells. In humans, mutations in ATM cause the devastating neurodegenerative disease Ataxia Telangiectasia. Previously, we characterized the homologue of ATM (AtmA) in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In addition to its expected role in the DNA damage response, we found that AtmA is also required for polarized hyphal growth. In order to investigate which pathways are controlled by AtmA during proliferation and polar growth, we determined the transcriptional profile of A. nidulans wild type and delta atmA mutant strains in different growth conditions. Conidia from both wild type and delta atmA mutant were incubated with 50 mM of hydroxyurea to synchronize the germlings in the S-phase of cell cycle. After this time, the cultures were centrifuged, washed and pre-warmed drug-free fresh media was aseptically added to the cultures. They were allowed to grow for additional 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the HU-release. At each time point, the germlings were also harvested by centrifugation and used for competitive microarray hybridizations. Our results indicate several genes that have decreased mRNA expression in the delta atmA mutant which are involved in the formation of a polarized hyphae and control of polar growth; in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid; in the ergosterol biosynthesis; and intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport. Keywords: gene expression array-based, log2 ratio
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of A. nidulans comparing Xylose and Fructose grown on Wild type strain. The main objective was to identifiy genes related to Xylose transport. The experiment was further validated by real-time PCR. Three-condition experiment : A. nidulans strains grown during 16 h on fructose and transfered to xylose for 6, 12 and 24h.
Project description:This study presents the first global genomic, proteomic, and secondary metabolomic characterization of the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, following growth on the International Space Station (ISS). The investigation included the A. nidulans wild-type and 3 mutant strains, two of which were genetically engineered to enhance secondary metabolite (SM) production. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that ISS conditions altered the A. nidulans genome in specific regions. In strain CW12001, which features overexpression of the SM global regulator laeA, ISS conditions induced a point mutation that resulted in the loss of the laeA stop codon. Differential expression of proteins involved in stress response, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and SM biosynthesis was observed. ISS conditions significantly decreased prenyl xanthone production in the wild-type strain and increased asperthecin production in LO1362 and CW12001, which are deficient in a major DNA repair mechanism. Together, these data provide valuable insights into the genetic and molecular adaptation mechanism of A. nidulans to the spacecraft environment and present many economic benefits.
Project description:Filamentous fungi are important factories in the production and secretion of homologous and heterologous lignocellulolytic enzymes, however the regulation of protein secretion in these organisms need to be further explored. In order to investigate this regulation, Aspergillus nidulans recombinant strains were analyzed by transcriptomics. We designed three A. nidulans recombinant strains producing the following heterologous proteins: alpha-arabinofuranosidase (AbfA), beta-glucosidase (BglC) and thermophilic mannanase (1542). The heterologous genes abfA and bglC were highly expressed, while the levels of 1542 mRNA were similar to the reference gene. An indirect relationship between mRNA and the levels of protein secretion was observed, suggesting that transcription is not a bottleneck in these systems. Based on the general analysis of RNA-seq of the recombinant strains, it was possible to observe a predominant up-regulation response. Moreover, biological processes related to metabolism, protein with binding function and cellular transport were overrepresented. We also observed the unconventional splicing of hacA for the recombinant A. nidulansAbfA and A. nidulans1542, indicating some level of unfolded protein response. The global analysis showed mild stress at 2 h induction of heterologous protein production, which was normalized after 8 h. Our results provide insights to understand how A. nidulans adapts to the overproduction of heterologous proteins.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of A. nidulans comparing the mutant strain alcAypkA grown on inducing or repressing conditions. The main objective was to identifiy genes related to ypkA gene function. The experiment was further validated by real-time PCR and enzymatic assay. Four-condition experiment: A. nidulans strains grown during 16 and 24 h at 37M-BM-0C in glucose 4% or glycerol 2% threonine 100mM.
Project description:Hypoxia imposes a challenge upon most of the filamentous fungi that require oxygen for proliferation. Here, we used whole genome DNA microarrays to investigate global transcriptional changes in Aspergillus nidulans gene expression after exposure to hypoxia followed by normoxia. Aeration affected the expression of 2,864 genes (27% of the total number of genes in the fungus), of which 50% were either induced or repressed under hypoxic conditions. Up-regulated genes included those for glycolysis, ethanol production, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and for the γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) shunt that bypasses two steps of the TCA cycle. Ethanol and lactate production under hypoxic conditions indicated that glucose was fermented to these compounds via the glycolytic pathway. Since the GABA shunt bypasses the NADH-generating reaction of the TCA cycle catalyzed by oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, hypoxic A. nidulans cells eliminated excess NADH. Hypoxia down-regulated some genes involved in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, and lowered the cellular mRNA content. These functions were resumed by reoxygenation, indicating that A. nidulans controls global transcription to adapt to a hypoxic environment. This study is the first to show that hypoxia elicits systematic transcriptional responses in A. nidulans.