Project description:Comparison of L. lactis NZ9000 ?lmrR versus L. lactis NZ9000 wild type Keywords: Transcription profiling Comparison between strain lacking transcriptional regulator LmrR of major Lactococcal mdr transporter LmrCD, and wild type parental strain.
Project description:pBL1 is a Lactococcus lactis theta-replicating 10.9-kbp plasmid that encodes the synthetic machinery of the bacteriocin Lcn972. In this work, the transcriptomes of exponentially growing L. lactis with and without pBL1 were compared. A discrete response was observed with a total of ten genes showing significantly changed expression. Up-regulation of the lactococcal oligopeptide uptake system (opp) was observed, likely linked to a higher nitrogen demand required for Lcn972 biosynthesis. Striking, celB coding for the membrane porter IIC of the cellobiose-PTS and the upstream gene llmg0186 were down-regulated. Growth profiles for L. lactis strains MG1363, MG1363/pBL1 and MG1363ΔcelB grown in CDM-cellobiose confirmed slower growth of pBL1 and ΔcelB while no differences were scored on glucose. The presence of pBL1 shifted the fermentation products towards a mixed acid profile and promoted substantial changes in intracellular pool sizes for glycolytic intermediates in cellobiose-growing cells as determined by HPLC and NMR. Overall, these data support the genetic evidence of a constriction in cellobiose uptake. Notably, several cell wall precursors accumulated, while other UDP-activated sugars pools were lower, which could reflect rerouting of precursors towards the production of structural or storage polysaccharides. Moreover, slow cellobiose-growing cells and those lacking celB were more tolerant to Lcn972 than cellobiose adapted cells. Thus, down-regulation of celB could help to build-up a response against the antimicrobial activity of Lcn972 enhancing self-immunity of the producer cells. The transcriptomes of Lactococcus lactis MG1614 with and without the bacteriocinogenic plasmid pBL1, grown under laboratory conditions, were compared using three biological replicates.
Project description:pBL1 is a Lactococcus lactis theta-replicating 10.9-kbp plasmid that encodes the synthetic machinery of the bacteriocin Lcn972. In this work, the transcriptomes of exponentially growing L. lactis with and without pBL1 were compared. A discrete response was observed with a total of ten genes showing significantly changed expression. Up-regulation of the lactococcal oligopeptide uptake system (opp) was observed, likely linked to a higher nitrogen demand required for Lcn972 biosynthesis. Striking, celB coding for the membrane porter IIC of the cellobiose-PTS and the upstream gene llmg0186 were down-regulated. Growth profiles for L. lactis strains MG1363, MG1363/pBL1 and MG1363ΔcelB grown in CDM-cellobiose confirmed slower growth of pBL1 and ΔcelB while no differences were scored on glucose. The presence of pBL1 shifted the fermentation products towards a mixed acid profile and promoted substantial changes in intracellular pool sizes for glycolytic intermediates in cellobiose-growing cells as determined by HPLC and NMR. Overall, these data support the genetic evidence of a constriction in cellobiose uptake. Notably, several cell wall precursors accumulated, while other UDP-activated sugars pools were lower, which could reflect rerouting of precursors towards the production of structural or storage polysaccharides. Moreover, slow cellobiose-growing cells and those lacking celB were more tolerant to Lcn972 than cellobiose adapted cells. Thus, down-regulation of celB could help to build-up a response against the antimicrobial activity of Lcn972 enhancing self-immunity of the producer cells.
Project description:The lactococcal phage p2 is a model for studying the Skunavirus genus, the most prevalent group of phages in cheese factories worldwide. It infects L. lactis MG1363, a model strain for the study of Gram-positive bacteria. The structural proteins of phage p2 have been thoroughly described. However, most of its non-structural proteins are still uncharacterized. Here, we developed an integrative approach, making use of structural biology, genomics, physiology, and proteomics to provide insights into the function of ORF47, the most conserved non-structural protein of unknown function among the Skunavirus genus. We found this small phage protein to have a major impact on the bacterial proteome and to be important to prevent bacterial resistance to phage infection.
Project description:Plasmid-free Lactococcus lactis IL1403 is one of the best-characterized representatives of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), intensively used in broad microbiology worldwide. Its parent strain, L. lactis IL594, contains seven plasmids (pIL1-pIL7) with resolved DNA sequences and an indicated role for overall plasmid load in enhancing host adaptive potential. To determine how individual plasmids manipulate the expression of phenotypes and chromosomal genes, we conducted global comparative phenotypic analyses combined with transcriptomic studies in plasmid-free L. lactis IL1403, multi-plasmid L. lactis IL594 and its single-plasmid derivatives. The presence of pIL2, pIL4 and pIL5 led to the most pronounced phenotypic differences in the metabolism of several carbon sources, including some β-glycosides and organic acids. The pIL5 plasmid also contributed to increased tolerance to some antimicrobial compounds and heavy metal ions, especially those in the toxic cation group. Comparative transcriptomics showed significant variation in the expression levels of up to 189 chromosomal genes due to the presence of single plasmids, and 435 unique chromosomal genes that are resultant of the activity of all plasmids, which may suggest that the observed phenotypic changes are not only the result of direct action of their own genes, but also originate from indirect actions through cross-talk between plasmids and the chromosome. The data obtained here indicate that plasmid maintenance leads to the development of important mechanisms of global gene regulation that provide changes in the central metabolic pathways and adaptive properties of L. lactis, and suggest the possibility of a similar phenomenon among other groups of bacteria.
Project description:L. lactis NIAI712 carries five different plasmids, including an 8.7-kb plasmid designated pAG6. In this study, genome-wide expression profiles of the pAG6-cured variant was compared to the wild-type strain.