Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE19182: Gene expression profiling of differentiated HNECs stimulated by IL4, IL13, IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNgamma and controls GSE19187: Nasal epithelium gene expression profiling in child respiratory allergic disease Refer to individual Series
Project description:The prevalence of respiratory allergy in children is increasing. Epigenetic changes (e.g. DNA methylation) are plausible underlying molecular mechanisms. Longitudinal birth cohorts are instrumental to study the relation between early-life environmental factors and the development of complex diseases. Our AXA Research Fund and Cefic-LRI supported project explores the hypothesis that chemical exposures during pregnancy can influence the immune system and development of allergy in children. Questionnaire data, as well as cord blood, plus blood and saliva samples at age 11 years, were collected in substudies of two longitudinal birth cohorts in Belgium (FLEHS1 & FLEHS2) and analyzed with Illumina Methylation 450K BeadChips as well as gene targeted iPLEX MassArrays analysis. The project aims to answer the following questions: 1) can we identify specific changes in epigenetic modifications on DNA from allergic compared to not-allergic children; 2) are these allergy-related epigenetic changes a result of chemical exposure during pregnancy; and 3) did the early life exposures leave an epigenetic “mark” that is maintained through childhood. If chemicals exposures and resulting predictive markers of allergic diseases can be detected early, prevention strategies, particularly in children or before pregnancy, could be developed.
Project description:In this proof-of-concept study, we piloted a precision endotyping approach focused on DNA methylation biomarkers (CpG methylation) which are regulatory base modifications to DNA that influence cellular immune responses across the life course. The aims of this study were to (a) pilot a precision endotyping approach in a selected group of children from the Rochester prospective cohort who exhibited characteristics of high respiratory infection allergy/asthma prone (IAP) and low vaccine responsiveness (LVR) in early childhood, compared to non-respiratory infection allergy/asthma prone (NIAP) children and (b) assess whether stimulation of PBMCs with stimuli a vaccine adjuvant that activating activates a pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) could re-shape the epigenome.
Project description:Background: Genetic heterogeneity in the innate immune system may account for variable susceptibility to respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children. Objective: We aimed to assess the impact of polymorphisms rs273259 and rs1333969 in type I interferon related gene IFI44L on susceptibility to RTIs and acute otitis media in children. Methods: In two prospective, population-based birth cohorts, the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study and the STEPS Study, IFI44L genotypes for rs273259 and rs1333969 were determined in relation to the development of RTIs until one and two years of age, respectively, and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) or odds ratios (OR) were calculated. At age 3 months, whole blood transcriptional profiles were analyzed and nasal samples were tested for respiratory viruses in a subset of children. Results: In respiratory virus-positive children at 3 months of age, IFI44L gene variants were associated with decreased expression levels of IFI44L and several other interferon related genes. Conclusions: Variant forms of IFI44L gene were protective against early-childhood RTIs or acute otitis media in two independent birth cohorts, and they attenuated interferon pathway activation by respiratory viruses.
Project description:The mechanisms by which regulatory T (Treg) cells differentially control allergic and autoimmune responses remain unclear. We show that Treg cells in food allergy (FA) have decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-b1) due to IL-4 and STAT6-dependent inhibition of Tgfb1 transcription. These changes were modelled by Treg cell-specific Tgfb1 monoallelic inactivation, which induced allergic dysregulation by impairing microbiota-dependent ROR-gt+ Treg cell differentiation. This dysregulation was rescued by treatment with Clostridiales species, which upregulated Tgfb1 expression in Treg cells. Biallelic deficiency precipitated fatal autoimmunity, with intense autoantibody production and dysregulated T follicular helper and B cell responses. These results identify a privileged role for Treg cell-derived TGF-b1 in regulating allergy and autoimmunity at distinct checkpoints in a Tgfb1 gene dose and microbiota-dependent manner.
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profiles between pediatric patients with and without symptoms of cross-allergy (birch-apple syndrome).