Project description:By investigating the germinal center (GC) formation in STAT6ko/WT bone marrow-mixed chimera we found that GC formation in type 2 immune responses is dependent on B cell intrinsic expression of IL-4/IL-13-induced genes. We therefore used microarrays to find Stat6 dependent genes that are important for germinal center formation and/or organization after infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N. brasiliensis).
Project description:By investigating the germinal center (GC) formation in STAT6ko/WT bone marrow-mixed chimera we found that GC formation in type 2 immune responses is dependent on B cell intrinsic expression of IL-4/IL-13-induced genes. We therefore used microarrays to find Stat6 dependent genes that are important for germinal center formation and/or organization after infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N. brasiliensis). Bone marrow of STAT6ko (CD45.2+) and WT (CD45.1+) were mixed and injected in lethaly irradiated WT (CD45.1+) mice. After 8 weeks, 5 Bone marrow-mixed chimera were infected with N. brasiliensis and draining lymph nodes were collected at day 14 after the infection and pooled. RNA was isolated from sort-purified CD45.1+ or CD45.2+ GC B cells (B220+CD38loGL-7hi).
Project description:IL-4/STAT6-regulated transcriptome and proteome were compared in primary B cells isolated from wild-type and STAT6-deficient mice. B cells were purified from the spleen and stimulated in vitro with anti-CD40 and LPS or anti-IgM-F(ab)2 in the presence or absence of IL-4. Transcriptome analysis was performed with oligonucleotide microarrays. Global relative quantification of proteins was achieved by gel-enhanced label-free liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed that IL-4-induced changes of the transcriptome were almost completely dependent on STAT6. In contrast, the quantitative proteome analysis revealed that the expression of many IL-4-regulated proteins changes even in the absence of STAT6. The top 75 proteins with changes in abundance levels induced by IL-4 in a STAT6-dependent manner were also found to be regulated at the transcriptional level. Most of these proteins were not previously known to be regulated by STAT6 in B cells. We confirmed the MS-based quantitative proteome data by flow cytometric and Western blot analysis of selected proteins. This study provides a framework for further functional characterization of STAT6-regulated proteins in B cells that might be involved in germinal center formation and class switch recombination.
Project description:Effective host defense against infection relies on the tight coordination of immune activation, metabolic adaptation, and redox control, yet how these processes are integrated remains incompletely understood. Here, we identify dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (Dpp3) as a negative regulator of antimicrobial immunity. Dpp3-/- mice exhibit enhanced resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, with reduced bacterial burden, preserved tissue integrity, and attenuated systemic inflammation. This response is associated with increased phagocytic activity, expansion of germinal centres and plasma cells, and elevated interferon-γ production by T cells. Mechanistically, Dpp3 deficiency leads to reduced Nrf2 protein levels upon stimulation, resulting in heightened ROS accumulation and amplified NF-κB signaling. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of Dpp3-/- immune cells reveal mitochondrial dysfunction and a shift toward biosynthetic and antioxidant-supportive metabolic programs. Collectively, our findings identify Dpp3 as a molecular brake on host defense and uncover a regulatory axis linking redox balance, immunometabolism, and inflammation during infection.
Project description:We report that Stat6-driven gene transcription regulates the transition from Tfh21 to Tfh4 cells, suppressing IL-21 production and promoting IL-4 secretion. We identified a cis-enhancer in the second intron of Il21 as a regulator of Tfh cell cytokine transition, via an effect of Stat6 on chromatin accessibility with repression of Il21 transcription. We conclude that Stat6 is necessary for coordinated regulation of IL-21 and IL-4 production by Tfh cells, leading to appropriate maturation of the germinal center B cell response.
Project description:We report that Stat6-driven gene transcription regulates the transition from Tfh21 to Tfh4 cells, suppressing IL-21 production and promoting IL-4 secretion. We identified a cis-enhancer in the second intron of Il21 as a regulator of Tfh cell cytokine transition, via an effect of Stat6 on chromatin accessibility with repression of Il21 transcription. We conclude that Stat6 is necessary for coordinated regulation of IL-21 and IL-4 production by Tfh cells, leading to appropriate maturation of the germinal center B cell response.
Project description:The importance of unanchored Ub in innate immunity has been shown only for a limited number of unanchored Ub-interactors. We investigated what additional cellular factors interact with unanchored Ub and whether unanchored Ub plays a broader role in innate immunity. To identify unanchored Ub-interacting factors from murine lungs, we used His-tagged recombinant poly-Ub chains as bait. These chains were mixed with lung tissue lysates and protein complexes were isolated with Ni-NTA beads. Sample elutions were subjected to mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) analysis.