Project description:Recombinant-murine S100A9 were used at 10 mg/50 ml in Hanks Balanced Salt solution (HBSS) or control HBSS administered onto the nares of BALB/C mice. To assess direct effects, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, 6, or 12 h post-inhalation of S100A9. Because S100A9 is reported to initiate proinflammatory responses by ligating TLR4 and/or RAGE, a quantitative PCR array was developed to analyze 49 genes, selected to reflect potential acute inflammatory changes induced by ligation of these receptors. Expression of inflammatory genes was evaluated with the RT-qPCR array. Relative quantities of mRNA in duplicate samples were obtained using the LightCycler® 480 Software 1.5 and the Efficiency-Method.
Project description:Recombinant-murine S100A9 were used at 10 mg/50 ml in Hanks Balanced Salt solution (HBSS) or control HBSS administered onto the nares of BALB/C mice. To assess direct effects, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, 6, or 12 h post-inhalation of S100A9. Because S100A9 is reported to initiate proinflammatory responses by ligating TLR4 and/or RAGE, a quantitative PCR array was developed to analyze 49 genes, selected to reflect potential acute inflammatory changes induced by ligation of these receptors.
Project description:Recombinant-murine S100A8 were used at 10 mg/50 ml in Hanks Balanced Salt solution (HBSS) or control HBSS administered onto the nares of BALB/C mice. To assess direct effects, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, 6, or 12 h post-inhalation of S100A8. Because S100A8 is reported to initiate proinflammatory responses by ligating TLR4 and/or RAGE, a quantitative PCR array was developed to analyze 49 genes, selected to reflect potential acute inflammatory changes induced by ligation of these receptors. Expression of inflammatory genes was evaluated with the RT-qPCR array. Relative quantities of mRNA in duplicate samples were obtained using the LightCycler® 480 Software 1.5 and the Efficiency-Method.
Project description:Recombinant-murine S100A8 were used at 10 mg/50 ml in Hanks Balanced Salt solution (HBSS) or control HBSS administered onto the nares of BALB/C mice. To assess direct effects, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, 6, or 12 h post-inhalation of S100A8. Because S100A8 is reported to initiate proinflammatory responses by ligating TLR4 and/or RAGE, a quantitative PCR array was developed to analyze 49 genes, selected to reflect potential acute inflammatory changes induced by ligation of these receptors.
Project description:In order to explore how S100A8 and S100A9 may participate in the kidney stone formation, we used recombinant S100A8, recombinant S100A9, or recombinant S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer to culture the HK-2 cells and then sequenced total cellular mRNAS.
Project description:In an inducible model of human breast cellular transformation, we map genome-wide chromatin binding of S100A8, S100A9 and Pol II. We show that the calcium-dependent cytokines S100A8 and S100A9 are recruited to numerous promoters and enhancers. This recruitment is associated with multiple DNA sequence motifs recognized by DNA-binding transcription factors that are linked to transcriptional activation and are important for transformation. Nuclear-specific expression of S100A8/A9 promotes oncogenic transcription and leads to enhanced breast transformation phenotype. These results suggest that, in addition to its classical cytokine function, S100A8/A9 can act as a transcriptional co-activator.
Project description:Autoimmune diseases, like psoriasis or arthritis, show a patchy distribution of inflammation despite systemic dysregulation of adaptive immunity. Thus, additional tissue-derived signals like Danger-Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs) are indispensable for manifestation of local inflammation. S100A8/100A9-complexes are the most abundant DAMPs in many autoimmune diseases. However, regulatory mechanisms locally restricting DAMP-activities are barely understood. We now unravel for the first time a novel mechanism of auto-inhibition in mice and man restricting S100-DAMP activity to local sites of inflammation. Combining protease degradation, pull-down assays, mass spectrometry and targeted mutations we identified specific peptide sequences within the second calcium-binding EF-hands triggering TLR4/MD2-dependent inflammation. These binding sites are free when S100A8/S100A9-heterodimers are released at sites of inflammation. Subsequently, S100A8/S100A9-activities are locally restricted by calcium-induced (S100A8/S100A9)2-tetramer formation now hiding the TLR4/MD2-binding site within the tetramer interphase thus preventing undesirable systemic effects. Loss of this auto-inhibitory mechanism in vivo results in TNFa-driven fatal inflammation as shown by lack of tetramer formation crossing S100A9-/- mice with two independent TNFa-transgene mouse strains. Since S100A8/S100A9 is the most abundant DAMP in many inflammatory diseases, specifically blocking of the TLR4-binding site of active S100-dimers represents an innovative approach for local suppression of inflammatory diseases avoiding systemic side effects.
Project description:Recombinant-murine S100A8 and the corresponding Cys42 to Ala42 mutant were used at 10 mg/50 ml HBSS administered onto the nares of BALB/C mice. To assess direct effects, mice were sacrificed 1, 4, 6, 12 or 20 h post-inhalation of S100A8 or 12 and 20 h post-inhalation of Ala42S100A8. For comparison with Dex inhalation (used at 10 mg/50 ml HBSS), lungs were harvested 6 and 12 h post administration. Because S100A8 is reported to initiate proinflammatory responses by ligating TLR4 and/or RAGE, a quantitative PCR array was developed to analyse 63 genes, selected to reflect potential acute inflammatory changes induced by ligation of these receptors. Expression of inflammatory genes was evaluated with the RT-qPCR array. Relative quantities of mRNA in duplicate samples were obtained using the LightCyclerM-BM-. 480 Software 1.5 and the Efficiency-Method.