Influenza A virus strain:A/Guinea Fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2)
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PROVIDER: PRJNA556714 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Avian H9N2 influenza A virus has caused repeated human infections in Asia since 1998. Here we report that an H9N2 influenza virus infected a 5-year-old child in Hong Kong in 2003. To identify the possible source of the infection, the human isolate and other H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from Hong Kong poultry markets from January to October 2003 were genetically and antigenically characterized. The findings of this study show that the human H9N2 influenza virus, A/Hong Kong/2108/03, is of purely avian origin and is closely related to some viruses circulating in poultry in the markets of Hong Kong. The continued presence of H9N2 influenza viruses in poultry markets in southern China increases the likelihood of avian-to-human interspecies transmission.
| S-EPMC1287799 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent advances in mathematical modeling and inference methodologies have enabled development of systems capable of forecasting seasonal influenza epidemics in temperate regions in real-time. However, in subtropical and tropical regions, influenza epidemics can occur throughout the year, making routine forecast of influenza more challenging. Here we develop and report forecast systems that are able to predict irregular non-seasonal influenza epidemics, using either the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter or a modified particle filter in conjunction with a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. We applied these model-filter systems to retrospectively forecast influenza epidemics in Hong Kong from January 1998 to December 2013, including the 2009 pandemic. The forecast systems were able to forecast both the peak timing and peak magnitude for 44 epidemics in 16 years caused by individual influenza strains (i.e., seasonal influenza A(H1N1), pandemic A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B), as well as 19 aggregate epidemics caused by one or more of these influenza strains. Average forecast accuracies were 37% (for both peak timing and magnitude) at 1-3 week leads, and 51% (peak timing) and 50% (peak magnitude) at 0 lead. Forecast accuracy increased as the spread of a given forecast ensemble decreased; the forecast accuracy for peak timing (peak magnitude) increased up to 43% (45%) for H1N1, 93% (89%) for H3N2, and 53% (68%) for influenza B at 1-3 week leads. These findings suggest that accurate forecasts can be made at least 3 weeks in advance for subtropical and tropical regions.
| S-EPMC4520691 | biostudies-other
Project description:In 1997 and 1998, H9N2 influenza A viruses were isolated from the respiratory organs of Indian ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula Krameri manillensis) that had been imported from Pakistan to Japan. The two isolates were closely related to each other (>99% as determined by nucleotide analysis of eight RNA segments), indicating that H9N2 viruses of the same lineage were maintained in these birds for at least 1 year. The hemagglutinins and neuraminidases of both isolates showed >97% nucleotide identity with those of H9N2 viruses isolated from humans in Hong Kong in 1999, while the six genes encoding internal proteins were >99% identical to the corresponding genes of H5N1 viruses recovered during the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong. These results suggest that the H9N2 parakeet viruses originating in Pakistan share an immediate ancestor with the H9N2 human viruses. Thus, influenza A viruses with the potential to be transmitted directly to humans may be circulating in captive birds worldwide.
| S-EPMC114145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The origin of the H5N1 influenza viruses that killed six of eighteen infected humans in 1997 and were highly pathogenic in chickens has not been resolved. These H5N1 viruses transmitted directly to humans from infected poultry. In the poultry markets in Hong Kong, both H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses were cocirculating, raising the possibility of genetic reassortment. Here we analyze the antigenic and genetic features of H9N2 influenza viruses with different epidemiological backgrounds. The results suggest that the H9N2 influenza viruses of domestic ducks have become established in the domestic poultry of Asia. Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of the H9N2 viruses isolated from Hong Kong markets suggest three distinct sublineages. Among the chicken H9N2 viruses, six of the gene segments were apparently derived from an earlier chicken H9N2 virus isolated in China, whereas the PB1 and PB2 genes are closely related to those of the H5N1 viruses and a quail H9N2 virus-A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (Qa/HK/G1/97)-suggesting that many of the 1997 chicken H9 isolates in the markets were reassortants. The similarity of the internal genes of Qa/HK/G1/97 virus to those of the H5N1 influenza viruses suggests that the quail virus may have been the internal gene donor. Our findings indicate that the human and poultry H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 1997 were reassortants that obtained internal gene segments from Qa/HK/G1/97. However, we cannot be certain whether the replicate complex of H5N1 originated from Qa/HK/G1/97 or whether the reverse transfer occurred; the available evidence supports the former proposal.
| S-EPMC17788 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background：Dendritic cells (DCs), have the most important antigen presenting ability and played an irreplaceable role in recognizing and clearing virus. Antiviral responses must rapidly defend against infection while minimizing inflammatory damage, but the mechanisms that regulate the magnitude of response within an infected cell are not well understood. MicroRNA, small non-coding RNAs, that can regulate dendritic cells to inhibit the infection and replication of avian influenza virus. Here, we global analyses how avian DCs response to H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and provide a potential mechanism of how avian microRNA defending H9N2 AIV replication. Results： Here, we global analyses how avian DCs response to H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and provide a potential mechanism of how avian microRNA defending H9N2 AIV replication. First, we found that both active and inactive H9N2 AIV enhance the ability of DCs to present antigens and activate T lymphocytes. Next, total microarray analyses suggested that H9N2 AIV stimulation involved in protein localization, nucleotide binding and leukocyte transendothelial migration and MAPK signal pathways. Moreover, we construct 551 transcription factor (TF)-microRNA-mRNA loops based on the above analyses. Furthermore, we found that HA fragment could not activate DCs, while truncated HA highly increased the immune function of DCs by activating ERK and STAT3 signal pathway. Last, our insight research not only gained that gga-miR1644 might target to MBNL2 to enhanced avian DCs in inhibiting virus replication, but also suggested that gga-miR6675 target to the NLS of PB1 to trigger the silencing of PB1 genes and lead to inhibition of H9N2 avian influenza viral replication. All together, our innovative research will shed new light on the roles of avian microRNA in evoking avian DCs and inhibiting virus replication, which will suggest new strategies to combat avian influenza virus.
2017-07-08 | GSE100916 | GEO
Project description:Typically viral infections make the host more susceptible to subsequent bacterial infections by mechanisms that are incompletely defined. To identify host changes that occur in response to HK68 infection, gene expression of A549 lung epithelial cells were identified. Changes included an increase in transcripts encoding proteins with fibronectin-type III (FnIII) domains, such as fibronectin (Fn), tenascin N (TNN), and tenascin C (TNC). Results provide insight on the host response to IAV infection, including the production of a variety of ECM proteins, which can create an environment rich in host ligands for bacteria adherence
2018-12-25 | GSE112215 | GEO
Project description:The microRNA expression changes were analysed in chicken dendritic cells during H9N2 avian influenza virus infection
2020-10-22 | GSE147658 | GEO
Project description:In winter 2008, kindergartens and primary schools in Hong Kong were closed for 2 weeks after media coverage indicated that 3 children had died, apparently from influenza. We examined prospective influenza surveillance data before, during, and after the closure. We did not find a substantial effect on community transmission.
| S-EPMC2609897 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10020920 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With the purpose to elucidate the expression changes of host genes of SPF chickens infected with duck-origin H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus at 24 hours post-infection(hpi) and fowl adenovirus-4 at 48 dpi. The spleens of SPF chickens infected with duck-origin H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus and fowl adenovirus-4 were collected and high throughout sequenced. Compared with the control group, there were 2426 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the duck-origin H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus group, including 913 up-regulated genes and 1513 down-regulated genes, and there were 1534 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the fowl adenovirus-4 group, including 632 up-regulated genes and 902 down-regulated genes.
2020-06-03 | GSE151662 | GEO