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Dynamic transcription of all genes in Triticum urartu endosperms throughout grain-filling stages

ABSTRACT: Dynamic transcription of all genes in Triticum urartu endosperms throughout grain-filling stages

PROVIDER: PRJNA698364 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR13592926_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR13592926_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR13592927_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR13592927_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR13592928_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Dynamic transcription of all genes in Triticum urartu endosperms throughout grain-filling stages

Project description:Endosperms (with the embryo, aleurone, seed coat, and pericarp removed) at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 DPAs of the T. urartu accession PI 428198 were used for RNA-Seq analysis. Each sample had three independent biological replicates. The total RNA of endosperms was isolated and a library with an insert length of ~350 bp was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 (San Diego, CA, USA). An integrated reference sequence of T. urartu PI 428198 was prepared by combining the annotated gene set (ftp://ftp.ensemblgenomes.org/pub/plants/release3 9/fasta/triticum_urartu) with cloned low-molecule-weight glutenin subunit genes and gliadin genes after gene redundancy removal. The relative transcript abundance of seed storage protein genes and the 41,507 predicted genes from genome sequences were calculated using the unique aligned reads as the expected number of fragments per kilobase of the transcript sequence per million base pairs sequenced (FPKM).

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Project description:Flag (FL) and second leaves (SL) in rice show differential aging patterns during monocarpic senescence. Coordination of aging programs in the top leaves is important for effective grain-filling. However, molecular bases for differential aging programs in the top leaves have not been systematically explored in rice. Here, we performed mRNA-sequencing of FL and SL at six time points during the grain-filling period. mRNA expression data revealed 6,365 genes showing aging-dependent expression changes in FL and/or SL. Of them, while 3047 genes showed shared aging-dependent expression patterns between FL and SL, 3058 genes showed differential expression patterns, which were classified into 5 major groups (G1-5) based on their differential expression patterns. Of the groups, G3 representing amino acid (AA) transport showed consistent differential age-dependent expression patterns in independent samples, whereas the other groups showed inconsistent differential expression patterns. Moreover, of AA transporters (AATs) in G3, long-distance AATs showed invariant differential age-dependent expression patterns after panicle removal, consistent to panicle removal-invariant differential nitrogen contents between FL and SL, known to be associated with protein concentration in grains. Our results suggest that long-distance AA transport is an invariant core transcriptional program of differential aging in rice top leaves for nitrogen remobilization during grain-filling.

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Project description:Grain filling and proper grain development are essential biological processes in the plant’s life cycle, which majorly contributes to the final seed yield and quality in all cereal crop. However, very scarcely this knowledge is available in the literature regarding how the different wheat grain components contribute to the overall development of the seed. We performed a proteomics and metabolomics analysis in four different developing components of the wheat grain (seed coat, embryo, endosperm and cavity fluid) to characterize molecular processes during early and late grain development. In-gel shotgun proteomics analysis in 12, 15, 20 and 25 days after anthesis (DAA) lead us to identify and quantify 15,484 proteins out of which 410 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the seed coat, 815 in embryo, 372 in endosperm and 492 in cavity fluid. The abundance of selected protein candidates revealed spatially and temporally resolved protein functions associated with development and grain filling. Multiple proteins such as pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and 14 -3- 3 undergo a major change in abundance during wheat grain development. Proteins binned into the functional category of cell growth /division were highly expressed during early stages (12 and 15 DAA) whereas those of starch biosynthesis in the middle or late stages. At the metabolome level all tissues and especially the cavity fluid showed highly distinct metabolite profiles. The tissue specific data are integrated with biochemical networks to explore a comprehensive map of molecular processes during grain filling and developmental processes.

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Project description:Modern rice cultivars have large panicle, however, yield potential of these cultivars is often not fully achieved due to the poor grain-filling of their late-flowering inferior spikelets (IS). Our earlier work suggests broad transcriptional reprogramming during grain filling and shows a difference in gene expression between IS and the earlier-flowering superior spikelets (SS). However, the links between the abundance of transcripts and their corresponding proteins are unclear. In this study, a SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry) -based quantitative proteomic analysis has been applied between SS and IS. A total of 304 proteins, ranging from cellular components to biological processes, were observed to be differentially expressed between IS and SS. Detailed gene ontology analysis indicated that several biological processes including photosynthesis, protein metabolism, and energy metabolism are differentially regulated. Further correlation analysis revealed that abundance of most of the differentially expressed proteins is not correlated to the transcript levels, indicating an extra layer of gene regulation which may exist during rice grain filling. These findings raise an intriguing possibility that these candidate proteins may be crucial in determining the poor grain-filling of IS. Therefore, we hypothesize that the regulation of proteome changes not only occurs at the transcriptional, but also at the post-transcriptional level, during grain filling in rice.

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