Project description:Copy number variations (CNVs), which represent a significant source of genetic diversity in mammals, are currently being associated with phenotypes of clinical relevance, mostly in humans and mice. Notwithstanding, little is known about the extent of CNV that contributes to genetic variation in farm animals, including pig. This Nimblegen experiment reports a genome-wide high resolution map of copy number variation in the porcine genome. After remapping the initial CNV sequences to the latest genome assembly (Sus scrofa v.9), 84 CNV regions (CNVRs) were identified among the genomes of 21 related porcine samples from Duroc breed. We used a set of NimbleGen CGH arrays that tile across the assayable portion of the pig genome with approximately 2.1 million probes, at a 502 bp average probe spacing (Sus scrofa pre assembly version 6). These CNVRs covered 2 Mb of the genome, and ranged in size from 4 to 352 kb (median size of 12 kb). Together, this analysis provides a useful resource to assist with the assessment of CNVs in the contexts of porcine variation, health and productive efficiency.
Project description:Copy number variations (CNVs), which represent a significant source of genetic diversity in mammals, are currently being associated with phenotypes of clinical relevance, mostly in humans and mice. Notwithstanding, little is known about the extent of CNV that contributes to genetic variation in farm animals, including pig. This Nimblegen experiment reports a genome-wide high resolution map of copy number variation in the porcine genome. After remapping the initial CNV sequences to the latest genome assembly (Sus scrofa v.9), 84 CNV regions (CNVRs) were identified among the genomes of 21 related porcine samples from Duroc breed. We used a set of NimbleGen CGH arrays that tile across the assayable portion of the pig genome with approximately 2.1 million probes, at a 502 bp average probe spacing (Sus scrofa pre assembly version 6). These CNVRs covered 2 Mb of the genome, and ranged in size from 4 to 352 kb (median size of 12 kb). Together, this analysis provides a useful resource to assist with the assessment of CNVs in the contexts of porcine variation, health and productive efficiency. 21 samples were analyzed in a dye swap loop design. In order to cover the latest, at the time of the experiment, porcine genome assembly (Sus scrofa v.6) with high density, custom Nimblegen HD2 CGH arrays were planned to cover all the chromosomes available with 2.1M probes, which yielded 502 bp of average probe spacing.
Project description:Background: The Malnad Gidda are unique dwarf Bos indicus cattle native to heavy rainfall Malnad and coastal areas of Karnataka in India. These cattle are highly adapted to harsh climatic conditions and are more resistant to Foot and Mouth disease as compared to other breeds of B.indicus. Since the first genome reference became available from B.taurus Hereford breed, only a few other breeds have been genotyped using high-throughput platforms. Also despite the known reports on high diversity within indicine breeds as compared to taurine breeds, only one draft genome of Nellore and horn transcriptome of Kankrej breed were sequenced at base level resolution. Because of the special characteristics Malnad Gidda possess, it becomes the choice of breed among many indicine cows to study at molecular level and genotyping. Results: Sequencing mRNA from the PBMCs isolated from blood of one selected Malnad Gidda bull resulted in generation of 55 million paired-end reads of 100bp length. Raw sequencing data is processed to trim the adaptor and low quality bases, and are aligned against the whole genome and transcript assemblies of Bos taurus UMD 3.1 and Bos indicus (Nellore breed) respectively. About 72% of the sequenced reads from our study could be mapped against the B.taurus genome where as only 41% of reads could be mapped against the Bos indicus transcript assembly. Transcript assembly from the alignment carried out against the annotated B.taurus UMD 3.1 genome resulted in identification of ~10,000 genes with significant expression (FPKM>1). In a similar analysis against the B.indicus Kankrej assembled transcripts we could identify only ~6,000 transcripts. From the variant analysis of the sequencing data we found ~10,000 SNPs in coding regions among which ~9,000 are novel and ~6,400 are amino acid changing. Conclusions: For the first time we have genotyped and explored the transcriptome of B.indicus Malnad Gidda breed. A comparative analysis of mapping the RNA-Seq data against the available reference genome and transcript sequences is demonstrated. An enhanced utility of transcript sequencing could be achieved by improving or completing the sequence assembly of any B.indicus breed to better characterize the indicine breeds for productivity features and selective breeding.